Aristotelis Opera selecta
De Anima
PERI CUXHS B
T mn d p tn prteron paradedomna per cu-
xw ersyv: plin d' sper j parxw panvmen, pei-
rmenoi diorsai t sti cux ka tw n eh kointatow
lgow atw. lgomen d gnow n ti tn ntvn tn osan,
tathw d t mn, w lhn, kay' at ok sti tde
ti, teron d morfn ka edow, kay' n dh lgetai tde
ti, ka trton t k totvn. sti d' mn lh dnamiw, t
d' edow ntelxeia, ka toto dixw, t mn w pistmh,
t d' w t yevren.
osai d mlist' enai dokosi t s-
mata, ka totvn t fusik: tata gr tn llvn r-
xa. tn d fusikn t mn xei zvn, t d' ok xei:
zvn d lgomen tn di' ato trofn te ka ajhsin ka
fysin. ste pn sma fusikn metxon zvw osa n
eh, osa d' otvw w sunyth. pe d' st ka sma ka toi-
nde, zvn gr xon, ok n eh sma cux: o
gr sti tn kay' pokeimnou t sma, mllon d' w
pokemenon ka lh. nagkaon ra tn cuxn osan
enai w edow smatow fusiko dunmei zvn xon-
tow. d' osa ntelxeia: toiotou ra smatow n-
telxeia. ath d lgetai dixw, mn w pistmh,
d' w t yevren. fanern on ti w pistmh: n gr
t prxein tn cuxn ka pnow ka grgorsw stin,
nlogon d' mn grgorsiw t yevren, d' pnow t
xein ka m nergen: protra d t gensei p to ato
pistmh. di cux stin ntelxeia prth smatow
fusiko dunmei zvn xontow. toioton d n rgani-
kn. (rgana d ka t tn futn mrh, ll pantelw
pl, oon t fllon perikarpou skpasma, t d peri-
krpion karpo: a d =zai t stmati nlogon: mfv
gr lkei tn trofn.) e d ti koinn p pshw cuxw
de lgein, eh n ntelxeia prth smatow fusiko
rganiko. di ka o de zhten e n cux ka t sma,
sper od tn khrn ka t sxma, od' lvw tn kstou
lhn ka t o lh: t gr n ka t enai pe pleona-
xw lgetai, t kurvw ntelxei stin.
kaylou mn on erhtai t stin cux: osa gr kat
tn lgon. toto d t t n enai t toid smati, kayper
e ti tn rgnvn fusikn n sma, oon plekuw: n mn gr
n t pelkei enai osa ato, ka cux toto: xvri-
syeshw d tathw ok n ti plekuw n, ll' m-
vnmvw, nn d' sti plekuw. o gr toiotou smatow t t
n enai ka lgow cux, ll fusiko toioud, xon-
tow rxn kinsevw ka stsevw n aut. yevren d ka
p tn mern de t lexyn. e gr n fyalmw zon,
cux n n ato ciw: ath gr osa fyalmo
kat tn lgon ( d' fyalmw lh cevs), w polei-
poshw okt' fyalmw, pln mvnmvw, kayper l-
yinow ka gegrammnow. de d laben t p mrouw f'
lou to zntow smatow: nlogon gr xei w t m-
row prw t mrow, otvw lh asyhsiw prw t lon
sma t asyhtikn, toioton. sti d o t pobeblhkw
tn cuxn t dunmei n ste zn, ll t xon: t d
sprma ka karpw t dunmei toiond sma. w mn
on tmsiw ka rasiw, otv ka grgorsiw ntel-
xeia, w d' ciw ka dnamiw to rgnou, cux:
t d sma t dunmei n: ll' sper fyalmw
krh ka ciw, kke cux ka t sma zon. ti
mn on ok stin cux xvrist to smatow, mrh
tin atw, e merist pfuken, ok dhlon: nvn gr
ntelxeia tn mern stn atn. o mn ll' ni ge
oyn kvlei, di t mhyenw enai smatow ntelexeaw.
ti d dhlon e otvw ntelxeia to smatow cux <>
sper plvtr ploou. tp mn on tat divrsyv ka
pogegrfyv per cuxw.
Epe d' k tn safn mn fanervtrvn d gnetai
t safw ka kat tn lgon gnvrimteron, peiraton
plin otv g' pelyen per atw: o gr mnon t ti
de tn ristikn lgon dhlon, sper o plestoi tn rvn
lgousin, ll ka tn atan nuprxein ka mfane-
syai. nn d' sper sumpersmay' o lgoi tn rvn esn:
oon t stin tetragvnismw; t son teromkei ryognion
enai spleuron. d toiotow row lgow to sumpersma-
tow: d lgvn ti stn tetragvnismw mshw eresiw
to prgmatow lgei t ation. lgomen on, rxn labn-
tew tw skcevw, divrsyai t mcuxon to cxou t
zn. pleonaxw d to zn legomnou, kn n ti totvn
nuprx mnon, zn at famen, oon now, asyhsiw, k-
nhsiw ka stsiw kat tpon, ti knhsiw kat tro-
fn ka fysiw te ka ajhsiw. di ka t fumena
pnta doke zn: fanetai gr n atow xonta dnamin
ka rxn toiathn, di' w ajhsn te ka fysin lam-
bnousi kat tow nantouw tpouw: o gr nv mn aje-
tai, ktv d' o, ll' movw p' mfv ka pnt, sa e
trfeta te ka z di tlouw, vw n dnhtai lambnein
trofn. xvrzesyai d toto mn tn llvn dunatn, t
d' lla totou dnaton n tow ynhtow. fanern d' p
tn fuomnvn: odema gr atow prxei dnamiw llh
cuxw. t mn on zn di tn rxn tathn prxei tow
zsi, t d zon di tn asyhsin prtvw: ka gr t
m kinomena mhd' llttonta tpon, xonta d' asyhsin,
za lgomen ka o zn mnon. asysevw d prton p-
rxei psin f: sper d t yreptikn dnatai xvrze-
syai tw fw ka pshw asysevw, otvw f tn
llvn asysevn (yreptikn d lgomen t toioton mrion
tw cuxw o ka t fumena metxei), t d za pnta
fanetai tn ptikn asyhsin xonta: di' n d' atan
kteron totvn sumbbhken, steron romen.
nn d' p tosoton ersyv mnon, ti stn cux tn e-
rhmnvn totvn rx ka totoiw ristai, yreptik, asyhtik,
dianohtik, kinsei. pteron d totvn kastn sti cux
mrion cuxw, ka e mrion, pteron otvw st' enai xvristn
lg mnon ka tp, per mn tinn totvn o xalepn
den, nia d poran xei. sper gr p tn futn nia
diairomena fanetai znta ka xvrizmena p' lllvn,
w oshw tw n atow cuxw ntelexe& mn miw n kst
fut, dunmei d pleinvn, otvw rmen ka per traw
diaforw tw cuxw sumbanon p tn ntmvn n tow
diatemnomnoiw: ka gr asyhsin kteron tn mern xei
ka knhsin tn kat tpon, e d' asyhsin, ka fantasan
ka rejin: pou mn gr asyhsiw, ka lph te ka don,
pou d tata, j ngkhw ka piyuma. per d to no
ka tw yevrhtikw dunmevw odn pv fanern, ll' oike
cuxw gnow teron enai, ka toto mnon ndxesyai xvr-
zesyai, kayper t dion to fyarto. t d loip mria
tw cuxw fanern k totvn ti ok sti xvrist, kayper
tinw fasin: t d lg ti tera, fanern: asyhtik
gr enai ka dojastik teron, eper ka t asynesyai
to dojzein, movw d ka tn llvn kaston tn erhm-
nvn. ti d' noiw mn tn zvn pany' prxei tata,
tis d tin totvn, troiw d n mnon (toto d poie dia-
forn tn zvn): di tna d' atan, steron piskepton.
paraplsion d ka per tw asyseiw sumbbhken: t mn gr
xei psaw, t d tinw, t d man tn nagkaiotthn, fn.
pe d zmen ka asyanmeya dixw lgetai,
kayper pistmeya (lgomen d t mn pistmhn
t d cuxn, katr gr totvn famn pstasyai),
movw d ka [] gianomen t mn gie& t d mor
tin to smatow ka l, totvn d' mn pistmh
te ka geia morf ka edw ti ka lgow ka oon nr-
geia to dektiko, mn to pisthmoniko, d to giasto
(doke gr n t psxonti ka diatiyemn tn poihti-
kn prxein nrgeia), cux d toto zmen ka
asyanmeya ka dianoomeya prtvs ste lgow tiw n eh
ka edow, ll' ox lh ka t pokemenon. trixw gr
legomnhw tw osaw, kayper epomen, n t mn edow,
t d lh, t d j mfon, totvn d' mn lh dna-
miw, t d edow ntelxeia, pe t j mfon mcuxon,
o t sm stin ntelxeia cuxw, ll' ath smatw
tinow. ka di toto kalw polambnousin ow doke mt'
neu smatow enai mte sm ti cux: sma mn
gr ok sti, smatow d ti, ka di toto n smati
prxei, ka n smati toiot, ka ox sper o pr-
teron ew sma nrmozon atn, oyn prosdiorzontew n tni
ka po, kaper od fainomnou to tuxntow dxesyai t
tuxn. otv d gnetai ka kat lgon: kstou gr n-
telxeia n t dunmei prxonti ka t oke& l p-
fuken ggnesyai. ti mn on ntelxei tw sti ka lgow
to dnamin xontow enai toiotou, fanern k totvn.
Tn d dunmevn tw cuxw a lexyesai tow mn
prxousi psai, kayper epomen, tow d tinw atn,
noiw d ma mnh. dunmeiw d' epomen yreptikn, asyh-
tikn, rektikn, kinhtikn kat tpon, dianohtikn. p-
rxei d tow mn futow t yreptikn mnon, troiw d
tot te ka t asyhtikn. e d t asyhtikn, ka t re-
ktikn: rejiw mn gr piyuma ka yumw ka bolhsiw,
t d za pnt' xousi man ge tn asysevn, tn fn:
d' asyhsiw prxei, tot don te ka lph ka t
d te ka luphrn, ow d tata, ka piyuma: to
gr dow rejiw ath. ti d tw trofw asyhsin xousin:
gr f tw trofw asyhsiw: jhrow gr ka grow
ka yermow ka cuxrow trfetai t znta pnta, totvn
d' asyhsiw f, tn d' llvn asyhtn kat sumbebh-
kw. oyn gr ew trofn sumblletai cfow od xrma
od sm, d xumw n ti tn ptn stin. pena d ka
dca piyuma, ka mn pena jhro ka yermo, d
dca gro ka cuxro: d xumw oon dusm ti totvn
stn. diasafhton d per atn steron, nn d' p tosoton
ersyv, ti tn zntvn tow xousin fn ka rejiw pr-
xei. per d fantasaw dhlon, steron d' piskepton. n-
oiw d prw totoiw prxei ka t kat tpon kinhtikn,
troiw d ka t dianohtikn te ka now, oon nyrpoiw ka
e ti toioton teron stin timiteron.
dlon on ti tn atn trpon ew n eh lgow cuxw te ka
sxmatow: ote gr ke sxma par t trgvnon sti ka t
fejw, ot' ntaya cux par tw erhmnaw. gnoito d' n
ka p tn sxhmtvn lgow koinw, w farmsei mn psin,
diow d' odenw stai sxmatow. movw d ka p taw e-
rhmnaiw cuxaw. di geloon zhten tn koinn lgon ka
p totvn ka f' trvn, w odenw stai tn ntvn diow
lgow, od kat t okeon ka tomon edow, fntaw tn
toioton. (paraplhsvw d' xei t per tn sxhmtvn ka
t kat cuxn: e gr n t fejw prxei dunmei
t prteron p te tn sxhmtvn ka p tn mcxvn,
oon n tetragn mn trgvnon, n asyhtik d t yrepti-
kn.) ste kay' kaston zhthton, tw kstou cux, oon tw
futo ka tw nyrpou yhrou. di tna d' atan t f-
ejw otvw xousi, skepton. neu mn gr to yreptiko t
asyhtikn ok stin: to d' asyhtiko xvrzetai t yreptikn
n tow futow. plin d' neu mn to ptiko tn l-
lvn asysevn odema prxei, f d' neu tn llvn
prxei: poll gr tn zvn ot' cin ot' kon xou-
sin ot' smw asyhsin. ka tn asyhtikn d t mn
xei t kat tpon kinhtikn, t d' ok xei: teleutaon
d ka lxista logismn ka dinoian: ow mn gr p-
rxei logismw tn fyartn, totoiw ka t loip pnta,
ow d' kenvn kaston, o psi logismw, ll tow mn
od fantasa, t d tat mn zsin. per d to yevrh-
tiko no terow lgow. ti mn on per totvn kstou
lgow, otow okeitatow ka per cuxw, dlon.
Anagkaon d tn mllonta per totvn skcin poiesyai
laben kaston atn t stin, ey' otvw per tn xomnvn
ka per tn llvn pizhten. e d xr lgein t kaston
atn, oon t t nohtikn t asyhtikn t yreptikn,
prteron ti lekton t t noen ka t t asynesyai: pr-
terai gr esi tn dunmevn a nrgeiai ka a prjeiw kat
tn lgon. e d' otvw, totvn d' ti prtera t ntikemena
de teyevrhknai, per kenvn prton n doi diorsai di tn
atn atan, oon per trofw ka asyhto ka nohto. ste
prton per trofw ka gennsevw lekton: gr yreptik
cux ka tow lloiw prxei, ka prth ka koinotth
dnamw sti cuxw, kay' n prxei t zn pasin. w stn
rga gennsai ka trof xrsyai: fusiktaton gr tn r-
gvn tow zsin, sa tleia ka m phrmata tn gnesin
atomthn xei, t poisai teron oon at, zon mn zon,
futn d futn, na to e ka to yeou metxvsin dnan-
tai: pnta gr kenou rgetai, ka kenou neka prttei
sa prttei kat fsin (t d' o neka dittn, t mn o, t
d ). pe on koinvnen dunate to e ka to yeou t sun-
exe&, di t mhdn ndxesyai tn fyartn tat ka n
riym diamnein, dnatai metxein kaston, koinvne
tat, t mn mllon t d' tton, ka diamnei ok at
ll' oon at, riym mn ox n, edei d' n.
sti d cux to zntow smatow ata ka rx. tata
d pollaxw lgetai, movw d' cux kat tow divrism-
nouw trpouw trew ata: ka gr yen knhsiw ka o
neka ka w osa tn mcxvn svmtvn cux
ata. ti mn on w osa, dlon: t gr ation to enai
psin osa, t d zn tow zsi t ena stin, ata d
ka rx totou cux. ti to dunmei ntow lgow
ntelxeia. fanern d' w ka o neken cux ata:
sper gr now nek tou poie, tn atn trpon ka
fsiw, ka tot' stin atw tlow. toioton d' n tow zoiw
cux kat fsin: pnta gr t fusik smata tw
cuxw rgana, kayper t tn zvn, otv ka t
tn futn, w neka tw cuxw nta: dittw d t o
neka, t te o ka t . ll mn ka yen prton
kat tpon knhsiw, cux: o psi d' prxei tow zsin
dnamiw ath. sti d ka llovsiw ka ajhsiw kat
cuxn: mn gr asyhsiw llovsw tiw enai doke, a-
synetai d' oyn m metxei cuxw, movw d ka per a-
jsew te ka fysevw xei: odn gr fynei od' ajetai
fusikw m trefmenon, trfetai d' oyn m koinvne zvw.
Empedoklw d' o kalw erhke toto prostiyew, tn
ajhsin sumbanein tow futow ktv mn surrizoumnoiw di
t tn gn otv fresyai kat fsin, nv d di t
pr satvw. ote gr t nv ka ktv kalw lamb-
nei (o gr tat psi t nv ka ktv ka t pant,
ll' w kefal tn zvn, otvw a =zai tn futn,
e xr t rgana lgein tera ka tat tow rgois)
prw d totoiw t t sunxon ew tnanta fermena t pr
ka tn gn; diaspasysetai gr, e m ti stai t kv-
lon: e d' stai, tot' stin cux, ka t ation to a-
jnesyai ka trfesyai. doke d tisin to purw fsiw
plw ata tw trofw ka tw ajsevw enai: ka gr
at fanetai mnon tn svmtvn [ tn stoixevn] tref-
menon ka ajmenon, di ka n tow futow ka n tow
zoiw polboi tiw n toto enai t rgazmenon. t d
sunation mn pw stin, o mn plw ge ation, ll
mllon cux: mn gr to purw ajhsiw ew pei-
ron, vw n t kaustn, tn d fsei sunistamnvn pn-
tvn sti praw ka lgow megyouw te ka ajsevw: tata
d cuxw, ll' o purw, ka lgou mllon lhw.
pe d' at dnamiw tw cuxw yreptik ka gennhtik,
per trofw nagkaon divrsyai prton: forzetai gr
prw tw llaw dunmeiw t rg tot. doke d' enai
trof t nanton t nant, o pn d pant, ll' sa tn
nantvn m mnon gnesin j lllvn xousin ll ka
ajhsin: gnetai gr poll j lllvn, ll' o pnta
pos, oon giw k kmnontow. fanetai d' od' kena tn
atn trpon llloiw enai trof, ll t mn dvr
t pur trof, t d pr o trfei t dvr. n mn on
tow plow smasi tat' enai doke mlista t mn
trof t d trefmenon. poran d' xei: fas gr o
mn t moion t mo trfesyai, kayper ka aj-
nesyai, tow d' sper epomen tompalin doke, t nanton
t nant, w payow ntow to moou p to moou,
tn d trofn den metabllein ka pttesyai: d meta-
bol psin ew t ntikemenon t metaj. ti psxei
ti trof p to trefomnou, ll' o toto p tw
trofw, sper od' tktvn p tw lhw, ll' p' ke-
nou ath: d tktvn metabllei mnon ew nrgeian j
rgaw. pteron d' stn trof t teleutaon prosgin-
menon t prton, xei diaforn. e d' mfv, ll'
mn peptow d pepemmnh, mfotrvw n ndxoito tn
trofn lgein: mn gr peptow, t nanton t n-
ant trfetai, d pepemmnh, t moion t mo. ste
fanern ti lgous tina trpon mfteroi ka ryw ka
ok ryw.
pe d' oyn trfetai m metxon zvw, t m-
cuxon n eh sma t trefmenon, mcuxon, ste ka
trof prw mcuxn sti, ka o kat sumbebhkw. sti
d' teron trof ka ajhtik enai: mn gr posn ti
t mcuxon, ajhtikn, d tde ti ka osa, trof
(szei gr tn osan, ka mxri totou stin vw n
trfhtai), ka gensevw poihtikn, o to trefomnou, ll'
oon t trefmenon: dh gr stin ato osa, genn d'
oyn at aut, ll szei. sy' mn toiath tw
cuxw rx dnamw stin oa szein t xon atn
toioton, d trof paraskeuzei nergen: di sterhyn
trofw o dnatai enai. [pe d' sti tra, t trefmenon
ka trfetai ka t trfon, t mn trfon stn
prth cux, t d trefmenon t xon tathn sma,
d trfetai, trof.] pe d p to tlouw panta
prosagoreein dkaion, tlow d t gennsai oon at,
eh n prth cux gennhtik oon at. sti d tr-
fei dittn, sper ka kubern ka xer ka t phd-
lion, t mn kinon ka kinomenon, t d kinomenon mnon.
psan d' nagkaon trofn dnasyai pttesyai, rgzetai
d tn pcin t yermn: di pn mcuxon xei yermthta.
tp mn on trof t stin erhtai: diasafhton d'
stn steron per atw n tow okeoiw lgoiw.
Divrismnvn d totvn lgvmen koin per pshw a-
sysevw. d' asyhsiw n t kinesya te ka psxein
sumbanei, kayper erhtai: doke gr llovsw tiw e-
nai. fas d tinew ka t moion p to moou psxein.
toto d pw dunatn dnaton, erkamen n tow kaylou
lgoiw per to poien ka psxein. xei d' poran di t
ka tn asysevn atn o gnetai asyhsiw, ka di t
neu tn jv o poiosin asyhsin, nntow purw ka gw ka
tn llvn stoixevn, n stin asyhsiw kay' at t
sumbebhkta totoiw. dlon on ti t asyhtikn ok stin
nerge&, ll dunmei mnon, di ok asynetai, kayper t
kaustn o kaetai at kay' at neu to kaustiko: kaie gr
n aut, ka oyn deto to ntelexe& purw ntow. peid
d t asynesyai lgomen dixw (t te gr dunmei koon
ka rn koein ka rn lgomen, kn tx kayedon, ka
t dh nergon), dixw n lgoito ka asyhsiw, mn
w dunmei, d w nerge&. movw d ka t asyhtn,
t te dunmei n ka t nerge&. prton mn on w
to ato ntow to psxein ka to kinesyai ka to nergen
lgvmen: ka gr stin knhsiw nrgei tiw, telw mn-
toi, kayper n troiw erhtai. pnta d psxei ka kinetai
p to poihtiko ka nerge& ntow. di sti mn w p to
moou psxei, sti d w p to nomoou, kayper epo-
men: psxei mn gr t nmoion, peponyw d' moin stin.
diaireton d ka per dunmevw ka ntelexeaw: nn
gr plw lgomen per atn. sti mn gr otvw pi-
stmn ti w n epoimen nyrvpon pistmona ti
nyrvpow tn pisthmnvn ka xntvn pistmhn: sti d'
w dh lgomen pistmona tn xonta tn grammatikn:
kterow d totvn o tn atn trpon dunatw stin, ll'
mn ti t gnow toioton ka lh, d' ti boulhyew
dunatw yevren, n m ti kvls tn jvyen: d' dh
yevrn, ntelexe& n ka kurvw pistmenow tde t A.
mfteroi mn on o prtoi, kat dnamin pistmonew
ll' mn di maysevw lloivyew ka pollkiw j
nantaw metabaln jevw, d' k to xein tn riymhtikn
tn grammatikn, m nergen d, ew t nergen, llon
trpon.
ok sti d' plon od t psxein, ll t mn
fyor tiw p to nantou, t d svthra mllon p to
ntelexe& ntow to dunmei ntow ka moou otvw w d-
namiw xei prw ntelxeian: yevron gr gnetai t xon
tn pistmhn, per ok stin lloiosyai (ew at gr
pdosiw ka ew ntelxeian) teron gnow lloisevw.
di o kalw xei lgein t fronon, tan fron, lloio-
syai, sper od tn okodmon tan okodom. t mn on
ew ntelxeian gein k dunmei ntow [kat] t noon ka
fronon o didaskalan ll' tran pvnuman xein d-
kaion: t d' k dunmei ntow manynon ka lambnon pi-
stmhn p to ntelexe& ntow ka didaskaliko toi od
psxein faton, [sper erhtai,] do trpouw enai l-
loisevw, tn te p tw sterhtikw diayseiw metaboln
ka tn p tw jeiw ka tn fsin. to d' asyhtiko mn
prth metabol gnetai p to gennntow, tan d gen-
nhy, xei dh, sper pistmhn, ka t asynesyai. t
kat' nrgeian d movw lgetai t yevren: diafrei d, ti
to mn t poihtik tw nergeaw jvyen, t ratn ka t
koustn, movw d ka t loip tn asyhtn. ation d'
ti tn kay' kaston kat' nrgeian asyhsiw, d' pistmh
tn kaylou: tata d' n at pw sti t cux. di nosai
mn p' at, ptan bolhtai, asynesyai d' ok p'
at: nagkaon gr prxein t asyhtn. movw d toto
xei kn taw pistmaiw taw tn asyhtn, ka di tn
atn atan, ti t asyht tn kay' kasta ka tn jvyen.
ll per mn totvn diasafsai kairw gnoit' n ka ew-
ayiw: nn d divrsyv tosoton, ti ox plo ntow to
dunmei legomnou, ll to mn sper n epoimen tn pada
dnasyai strathgen, to d w tn n lik& nta, otvw xei
t asyhtikn. pe d' nnumow atn diafor, diristai
d per atn ti tera ka pw tera, xrsyai nagkaon t
psxein ka lloiosyai w kuroiw nmasin. t d' asyhtikn
dunmei stn oon t asyhtn dh ntelexe&, kayper erh-
tai. psxei mn on ox moion n, peponyw d' movtai
ka stin oon keno.
Lekton d kay' ksthn asyhsin per tn asyhtn
prton. lgetai d t asyhtn trixw, n do mn kay'
at famen asynesyai, t d n kat sumbebhkw. tn
d duon t mn din stin ksthw asysevw, t d koinn
pasn. lgv d' dion mn m ndxetai tr& asysei
asynesyai, ka per m ndxetai pathynai, oon
ciw xrmatow ka ko cfou ka gesiw xumo,
d' f pleouw [mn] xei diaforw, ll' ksth ge krnei
per totvn, ka ok pattai ti xrma od' ti cfow,
ll t t kexrvsmnon po, t t cofon po. t
mn on toiata lgetai dia ksthw, koin d knhsiw, re-
ma, riymw, sxma, mgeyow: t gr toiata odemiw
stn dia, ll koin psaiw: ka gr f knhsw tw
stin asyht ka cei. kat sumbebhkw d lgetai a-
syhtn, oon e t leukn eh Dirouw uw: kat sum-
bebhkw gr totou asynetai, ti t leuk sumbbhke
toto, o asynetai: di ka odn psxei toioton p to
asyhto. tn d kay' at asyhtn t dia kurvw stn
asyht, ka prw osa pfuken ksthw asysevw.
O mn on stin ciw, tot' stn ratn, ratn d'
st xrm te ka lg mn stin epen, nnumon
d tugxnei n: dlon d stai lgomen proelyosi.
t gr ratn sti xrma, toto d' st t p to
kay' at rato: kay' at d o t lg, ll' ti n
aut xei t ation to enai ratn. pn d xrma kinhti-
kn sti to kat' nrgeian diafanow, ka tot' stn ato
fsiw: diper ox ratn neu fvtw, ll pn t kstou
xrma n fvt rtai. di per fvtw prton lekton t
stin. sti d ti diafanw. diafanw d lgv sti mn
ratn, o kay' at d ratn w plw epen, ll di'
lltrion xrma. toioton d stin r ka dvr ka poll
tn steren: o gr dvr od' r diafanw, ll' ti
sti tiw fsiw nuprxousa at n totoiw mfotroiw ka
n t d t nv smati. fw d stin totou nrgeia,
to diafanow diafanw. dunmei d, n tot' st, ka t
sktow. t d fw oon xrm sti to diafanow, tan
ntelexe& diafanw p purw toiotou oon t nv
sma: ka gr tot ti prxei n ka tatn. t mn on
t diafanw ka t t fw, erhtai, ti ote pr oy' lvw
sma od' porro smatow odenw (eh gr n sm ti ka
otvs), ll purw toiotou tinw parousa n t dia-
fane: ote gr do smata ma dunatn n t at enai,
doke te t fw nanton enai t sktei: sti d t sktow
strhsiw tw toiathw jevw k diafanow, ste dlon ti
ka totou parousa t fw stin. ka ok ryw Em-
pedoklw, od' e tiw llow otvw erhken, w feromnou to
fvtw ka gignomnou pot metaj tw gw ka to peri-
xontow, mw d lanynontow: toto gr sti ka par
tn to lgou nrgeian ka par t fainmena: n mi-
kr mn gr diastmati lyoi n, p' natolw d' p
dusmw t lanynein mga lan t athma.
sti d xr-
matow mn dektikn t xroun, cfou d t cofon.
xroun d' st t diafanw ka t raton t mliw
rmenon, oon doke t skoteinn. toioton d t diafanw
mn, ll' ox tan ntelexe& diafanw, ll' tan du-
nmei: gr at fsiw t mn sktow t d fw
stin. o pnta d rat n fvt stin, ll mnon kstou
t okeon xrma: nia gr n mn t fvt ox rtai,
n d t sktei poie asyhsin, oon t purdh fainmena
ka lmponta (nnuma d' st tata n nmati), oon
mkhw, kraw, kefala xyvn ka lepdew ka fyalmo:
ll' odenw rtai totvn t okeon xrma. di' n
mn on atan tata rtai, llow lgow: nn d' p to-
soton fanern stin, ti t mn n fvt rmenon xrma
(di ka ox rtai neu fvtw: toto gr n at t
xrmati enai, t kinhtik enai to kat' nrgeian dia-
fanos), d' ntelxeia to diafanow fw stin. shmeon d
totou fanern: n gr tiw y t xon xrma p' atn
tn cin, ok cetai: ll t mn xrma kine t dia-
fanw, oon tn ra, p totou d sunexow ntow kinetai
t asyhtrion. o gr kalw toto lgei Dhmkritow, o-
menow, e gnoito kenn t metaj, rsyai n kribw ka
e mrmhj n t oran eh: toto gr dnatn stin. p-
sxontow gr ti to asyhtiko gnetai t rn: p' ato
mn on to rvmnou xrmatow dnaton: lepetai d p
to metaj, st' nagkan ti enai metaj: keno d geno-
mnou ox ti kribw, ll' lvw oyn fysetai.
di' n mn on atan t xrma nagkaon n fvt rsyai,
erhtai. pr d n mfon rtai, ka n sktei ka n fvt,
ka toto j ngkhw: t gr diafanw p totou gnetai
diafanw. d' atw lgow ka per cfou ka smw
stin: oyn gr atn ptmenon to asyhthrou poie tn
asyhsin, ll' p mn smw ka cfou t metaj ki-
netai, p d totou tn asyhthrvn kteron: tan d' p'
at tiw piy t asyhtrion t cofon t zon, odeman
asyhsin poisei. per d fw ka gesevw xei mn
movw, o fanetai d: di' n d' atan, steron stai dlon.
t d metaj cfvn mn r, smw d' nnumon: koinn
gr ti pyow p' row ka datow stin, sper t dia-
fanw xrmati, otv t xonti smn n mfotroiw
prxei totoiw: fanetai gr ka t nudra tn zvn
xein asyhsin smw. ll' mn nyrvpow, ka tn pezn
sa napne, dunate smsyai m napnonta. d' a-
ta ka per totvn steron lexysetai.
Nn d prton per cfou ka kow diorsvmen. sti
d dittw cfow: mn gr nrgei tiw, d dnamiw:
t mn gr o famen xein cfon, oon spggon, ria, t
d' xein, oon xalkn ka sa stere ka lea, ti dna-
tai cofsai (toto d' stn ato metaj ka tw kow
mpoisai cfon nerge&): gnetai d' kat' nrgeian c-
fow e tinow prw ti ka n tini: plhg gr stin poi-
osa. di ka dnaton nw ntow gensyai cfon: teron
gr t tpton ka t tuptmenon: ste t cofon prw ti
cofe: plhg d' o gnetai neu forw. sper d' epomen,
o tn tuxntvn plhg cfow: oyna gr poie cfon
ria n plhg, ll xalkw ka sa lea ka kola:
mn xalkw ti leow, t d kola t naklsei pol-
lw poie plhgw met tn prthn, dunatontow jelyen
to kinhyntow. ti koetai n ri, kn dati, ll' tton,
ok sti d cfou kriow r od t dvr, ll de
steren plhgn gensyai prw llhla ka prw tn ra.
toto d gnetai tan pomn plhgew r ka m dia-
xuy. di n taxvw ka sfodrw plhg, cofe: de gr
fysai tn knhsin to =apzontow tn yrcin to row,
sper n e svrn rmayn cmmou tptoi tiw fer-
menon tax. x d gnetai tan, row nw genom-
nou di t ggeon t diorsan ka kvlsan yrufynai,
plin r pvsy, sper sfara. oike d' e gnesyai
x, ll' o safw, pe sumbanei ge p to cfou
kayper ka p to fvtw: ka gr t fw e nakl-
tai (od gr n gneto pnt fw, ll sktow jv to
lioumnou), ll' ox otvw nakltai sper f' datow
xalko ka tinow llou tn levn, ste skin poien,
t fw rzomen. t d kenn ryw lgetai krion to
koein. doke gr enai kenn r, otow d' stn poin
koein, tan kinhy sunexw ka ew. ll di t cayurw
enai o gegvne, n m leon t plhgn. tte d ew g-
netai ma di t ppedon: n gr t to leou ppedon.
cofhtikn mn on t kinhtikn nw row sunexe& mxriw
kow. ko d sumfuw r: di d t n ri enai, ki-
noumnou to jv esv kinetai. diper o pnt t zon
koei, od pnt dirxetai r: o gr pnt xei ra ~t
kinhsmenon mrow ka mcuxon~. atw mn d cofon r
di t eyrupton: tan d kvluy yrptesyai, totou
knhsiw cfow. d' n tow sn gkatkodmhtai prw t
knhtow enai, pvw kribw asynhtai psaw tw dia-
forw tw kinsevw. di tata d ka n dati koo-
men, ti ok esrxetai prw atn tn sumfu ra: ll'
od' ew t ow, di tw likaw. tan d toto sumb, ok
koei: od' n mnigj km, sper t p t kr dr-
ma [tan km]. ll' o shmeon to koein m t
xen t ow sper t kraw: e gr okean tin k-
nhsin r kinetai n tow sn, ll' cfow ll-
triow ka ok diow. ka di tot fasin koein t ken ka
xonti, ti koomen t xonti rismnon tn ra.
pteron
d cofe t tuptmenon t tpton; ka mfv, tr-
pon d' teron; sti gr cfow knhsiw to dunamnou ki-
nesyai tn trpon toton nper t fallmena p tn
levn, tan tiw kros. o d pn, sper erhtai, cofe
tuptmenon ka tpton, oon n patj belnh belnhn,
ll de t tuptmenon maln enai, ste tn ra yron
fllesyai ka seesyai. a d diafora tn cofontvn
n t kat' nrgeian cf dhlontai: sper gr neu
fvtw ox rtai t xrmata, otvw od' neu cfou t
j ka t bar. tata d lgetai kat metaforn p
tn ptn: t mn gr j kine tn asyhsin n lg
xrn p pol, t d bar n poll p' lgon. o d
tax t j, t d bar brad, ll gnetai to mn
di t txow knhsiw toiath, to d di bradutta,
ka oiken nlogon xein t per tn fn je ka m-
ble: t mn gr j oon kente, t d' mbl oon ye,
di t kinen t mn n lg t d n poll, ste sum-
banei t mn tax t d brad enai.
per mn on cfou tat divrsyv. d fvn cfow tw
stin mcxou: tn gr cxvn oyn fvne, ll kay' moi-
thta lgetai fvnen, oon alw ka lra ka sa lla tn
cxvn ptasin xei ka mlow ka dilekton. oike gr, ti
ka fvn tat' xei. poll d tn zvn ok xousi
fvnn, oon t te naima ka tn namvn xyew (ka
tot' elgvw, eper row knhsw tw stin cfos), ll'
o legmenoi fvnen, oon n t Axel, cofosi tow
bragxoiw tini tr toiot, fvn d' st zou cfow
o t tuxnti mor. ll' pe pn cofe tptontw
tinow ka ti ka n tini, toto d' stn r, elgvw n
fvnoh tata mna sa dxetai tn ra. t gr dh
napneomn kataxrtai fsiw p do rga kayper
t gltt p te tn gesin ka tn dilekton, n mn
gesiw nagkaon (di ka pleosin prxei), d' rmh-
nea neka to e, otv ka t pnemati prw te tn yer-
mthta tn ntw w nagkaon (t d' ation n troiw
ersetai) ka prw tn fvnn pvw prx t e. rga-
non d t napno frugj: o d' neka t mrin
sti toto, pnemvn: tot gr t mor plon xei t
yermn t pez tn llvn. detai d tw napnow ka
per tn kardan tpow prtow. di nagkaon esv na-
pnemenon esinai tn ra. ste plhg to napneomnou
row p tw n totoiw tow moroiw cuxw prw tn ka-
loumnhn rthran fvn stin (o gr pw zou cfow fvn,
kayper epomen sti gr ka t gltt cofen ka
w o bttontes ll de mcuxn te enai t tpton
ka met fantasaw tinw: shmantikw gr d tiw cfow
stn fvn): ka o to napneomnou row sper bj,
ll tot tptei tn n t rthr& prw atn. shmeon
d t m dnasyai fvnen napnonta mhd' kpnonta,
ll katxonta: kine gr tot katxvn. fanern d
ka diti o xyew fvnoi: o gr xousi frugga. toto
d t mrion ok xousin ti o dxontai tn ra od' na-
pnousin. di' n mn on atan, terw sti lgow.
Per d smw ka sfranto tton ediristn sti tn
erhmnvn: o gr dlon pon t stin sm, otvw w
cfow t xrma. ation d' ti tn asyhsin tathn ok
xomen krib, ll xerv polln zvn: falvw gr
nyrvpow smtai, ka oyenw asynetai tn sfrantn
neu to luphro to dow, w ok ntow kribow to a-
syhthrou. elogon d' otv ka t sklhrfyalma tn xrv-
mtvn asynesyai, ka m diadlouw atow enai tw
diaforw tn xrvmtvn pln t fober ka fb: otv
d ka per tw smw t tn nyrpvn gnow. oike mn
gr nlogon xein prw tn gesin, ka movw t edh tn
xumn tow tw smw, ll' kribestran xomen tn ge-
sin di t enai atn fn tina, tathn d' xein tn a-
syhsin tn nyrvpon kribestthn: n mn gr taw llaiw
lepetai polln tn zvn, kat d tn fn poll tn
llvn diaferntvw kribo: di ka fronimtatn sti tn
zvn. shmeon d t ka n t gnei tn nyrpvn par
t asyhtrion toto enai efuew ka fuew, par' llo
d mhdn: o mn gr sklhrsarkoi fuew tn dinoian,
o d malaksarkoi efuew.
sti d', sper xumw mn
glukw d pikrw, otv ka sma, ll t mn xousi
tn nlogon smn ka xumn, lgv d oon glukean
smn ka glukn xumn, t d tonanton. movw d ka
drimea ka asthr ka jea ka lipar stin sm.
ll' sper epomen, di t m sfdra diadlouw enai
tw smw sper tow xumow, [p totvn] elhfe t n-
mata kay' moithta tn pragmtvn, mn glukea
krkou ka mlitow, d drimea ymou ka tn
toiotvn: tn atn d trpon ka p tn llvn. sti d' w-
per ko ka ksth tn asysevn, mn to kousto
ka nhkostou, d to rato ka ortou, ka sfrh-
siw to sfranto ka nosfrntou. nsfranton d t mn
par t lvw dnaton xein smn, t d mikrn
xon ka falhn. movw d ka t geuston lgetai.
sti d ka sfrhsiw di to metaj, oon row datow:
ka gr t nudra dokosin smw asynesyai, movw ka
t naima ka t naima, sper ka t n t ri: ka gr
totvn nia prrvyen pant prw tn trofn posma
ginmena. di ka poron fanetai e pnta mn movw
smtai, d' nyrvpow napnvn mn, m napnvn d
ll' kpnvn katxvn t pnema ok smtai, ote
prrvyen ot' ggyen, od' n p to muktrow ntw tey:
ka t mn p' at tiymenon t asyhthr nasyhton
enai koinn pntvn, ll t neu to napnen m asy-
nesyai dion p tn nyrpvn: dlon d peirvmnoiw: ste
t naima, peid ok napnousin, tran n tin' asyhsin
xoi par tw legomnaw. ll' dnaton, eper tw smw
asynetai: gr to sfranto asyhsiw ka dusdouw
ka edouw sfrhsw stin. ti d ka fyeirmena fanetai
p tn sxurn smn f' nper nyrvpow, oon sfltou
ka yeou ka tn toiotvn. sfranesyai mn on nag-
kaon, ll' ok napnonta. oike d tow nyrpoiw dia-
frein t asyhtrion toto prw t tn llvn zvn, sper
t mmata prw t tn sklhrofylmvn t mn gr xei
frgma ka sper lutron t blfara, m kinsaw
mhd' naspsaw ox r: t d sklhrfyalma odn
xei toioton, ll' eyvw r t ginmena n t dia-
fane otvw on ka t sfrantikn asyhtrion tow mn
kalufw enai, sper t mma, tow d tn ra dexo-
mnoiw xein piklumma, napnentvn pokalptetai,
dieurunomnvn tn flebvn ka tn prvn. ka di toto
t napnonta ok smtai n t gr: nagkaon gr
sfranynai napnesanta, toto d poien n t gr
dnaton. sti d' sm to jhro (sper xumw to gro),
t d sfrantikn asyhtrion dunmei toioton.
T d geustn stin ptn ti: ka tot' ation to m
enai asyhtn di to metaj llotrou ntow smatow:
od gr t f. ka t sma d n xumw, t geu-
stn, n gr w l: toto d' ptn ti. di kn e
n dati men, syanmey' n mblhyntow to glukow,
ok n d' n asyhsiw mn di to metaj, ll t
mixynai t gr, kayper p to poto. t d xrma
ox otvw rtai t mgnusyai, od taw porroaiw. w
mn on t metaj oyn stin: w d xrma t ratn, otv
t geustn xumw. oyn d poie xumo asyhsin neu
grthtow, ll' xei nerge& dunmei grthta, oon t
lmurn: ethktn te gr at ka sunthktikn gltthw.
sper d ka ciw st to te rato ka to ortou (t
gr sktow raton, krnei d ka toto cis), ti te to
lan lampro (ka gr toto raton, llon d trpon to
sktous), movw d ka ko cfou te ka sigw, n
t mn koustn t d' ok koustn, ka meglou cfou
kayper ciw to lampro (sper gr mikrw cfow
nkoustow, trpon tin ka mgaw te ka baios), ra-
ton d t mn lvw lgetai, sper ka p' llvn t
dnaton, t d' n pefukw m x falvw, sper
t poun ka t prhnon otv d ka gesiw to geusto
te ka gestou, toto d t mikrn falon xon xumn
fyartikn tw gesevw. doke d' enai rx t potn ka
poton (gesiw gr tiw mfotrou: ll to mn falh
ka fyartik [tw gesevs], to d kat fsin): sti d koi-
nn fw ka gesevw t potn. pe d' grn t geustn,
ngkh ka t asyhtrion ato mte grn enai ntele-
xe& mte dnaton granesyai: psxei gr ti ge-
siw p to geusto, geustn. nagkaon ra granynai
t dunmenon mn granesyai svzmenon, m grn d, t
geustikn asyhtrion. shmeon d t mte katjhron osan
tn glttan asynesyai mte lan grn: ath gr f
gnetai to prtou gro, sper tan progeumatsaw tiw
sxuro xumo gehtai trou, ka oon tow kmnousi pikr
pnta fanetai di t t gltt plrei toiathw gr-
thtow asynesyai. t d' edh tn xumn, sper ka p
tn xrvmtvn, pl mn tnanta, t gluk ka t
pikrn, xmena d to mn t liparn, to d t lmurn:
metaj d totvn t te drim ka t asthrn ka strufnn
ka j: sxedn gr atai dokosin enai diafora xumn.
ste t geustikn sti t dunmei toioton, geustn d t
poihtikn ntelexe& ato.
Per d to pto ka per fw atw lgow: e gr
f m ma stn asyhsiw ll pleouw, nagkaon ka t
pt asyht plev enai. xei d' poran pteron pleouw
esn ma, ka t t asyhtrion t to ptiko, pteron
srj ka n tow lloiw t nlogon, o, ll toto
mn sti t metaj, t d prton asyhtrion llo t
stin ntw. psa gr asyhsiw miw nantisevw enai
doke, oon ciw leuko ka mlanow, ka ko jow ka
barow, ka gesiw pikro ka glukow: n d t pt
polla neisin nantiseiw, yermn cuxrn, jhrn grn,
sklhrn malakn, ka tn llvn sa toiata. xei d
tina lsin prw ge tathn tn poran, ti ka p tn
llvn asysevn esn nantiseiw pleouw, oon n fvn o
mnon jthw ka barthw, ll ka mgeyow ka mikrthw,
ka leithw ka traxthw fvnw, ka toiay' tera. es d ka
per xrma diafora toiatai terai. ll t t n t po-
kemenon, sper ko cfow, otv t f, ok stin ndhlon.
pteron d' st t asyhtrion ntw, o, ll' e-
yvw srj, odn doke shmeon enai t gnesyai tn a-
syhsin ma yigganomnvn. ka gr nn e tw per tn srka
periteneien oon mna poisaw, movw tn asyhsin eyvw
cmenow nshmane: katoi dlon w ok stin n tot
t asyhtrion (e d ka sumfuw gnoito, ytton ti di-
iknot' n asyhsis): di t toioton mrion to smatow oi-
ken otvw xein sper n e kkl mn periepefkei
r: dokomen gr n n tini asynesyai ka cfou ka
xrmatow ka smw, ka ma tiw asyhsiw enai ciw ko
sfrhsiw. nn d di t divrsyai di' o gnontai a kinseiw,
faner t erhmna asyhtria tera nta. p d tw fw
toto nn dhlon: j row mn gr datow dnaton
sustnai t mcuxon sma: de gr ti steren enai: lepetai
d miktn k tw ka totvn enai, oon boletai enai srj
ka t nlogon: ste nagkaon t sma enai t metaj to
ptiko prospefukw, di' o gnontai a asyseiw pleouw o-
sai. dhlo d' ti pleouw p tw gltthw f: pntvn
gr tn ptn asynetai kat t at mrion ka xumo.
e mn on ka llh srj syneto to xumo, dkei n
at ka ma enai asyhsiw gesiw ka f: nn d
do di t m ntistrfein.
porseie d' n tiw, e pn sma byow xei, toto d' st
t trton mgeyow, n d' st do svmtvn metaj sm ti,
ok ndxetai tata lllvn ptesyai, t d' grn ok stin
neu smatow, od t diern, ll' nagkaon dvr enai xein
dvr, t d ptmena lllvn n t dati, m jhrn tn krvn
ntvn, nagkaon dvr xein metaj, o nplea t sxata,
e d tot' lhyw, dnaton casyai llo llou n dati,
tn atn d trpon ka n t ri (movw gr xei r
prw t n at ka t dvr prw t n t dati, lan-
ynei d mllon mw, sper ka t n t dati za
e diern diero ptetai) pteron on pntvn movw
stn asyhsiw, llvn llvw, kayper nn doke
mn gesiw ka f t ptesyai, a d' llai poyen.
t d' ok stin, ll ka t sklhrn ka t malakn di'
trvn asyanmeya, sper ka t cofhtikn ka t ratn
ka t sfrantn: ll t mn prrvyen, t d' ggyen, di
lanynei: pe asyanmey ge pntvn di to msou, ll'
p totvn lanynei. katoi kayper epomen ka prteron,
kn e di' mnow asyanomeya tn ptn pntvn lany-
nontow ti diergei, movw n xoimen sper ka nn n
t dati ka n t ri: dokomen gr nn atn ptesyai
ka odn enai di msou. ll diafrei t ptn tn ra-
tn ka tn cofhtikn, ti kenvn mn asyanmeya t
t metaj poien ti mw, tn d ptn ox p to meta-
j ll' ma t metaj, sper di' spdow plhgew:
o gr spw plhgesa ptajen, ll' m' mfv
sunbh plhgnai. lvw d' oiken srj ka gltta, w
r ka t dvr prw tn cin ka tn kon ka tn
sfrhsin xousin, otvw xein prw t asyhtrion sper
kenvn kaston. ato d to asyhthrou ptomnou
ot' ke ot' ntaya gnoit' n asyhsiw, oon e tiw sm
ti leukn p to mmatow yeh t sxaton. ka dlon
ti ntw t to pto asyhtikn. otv gr n sumbanoi
per ka p tn llvn: pitiyemnvn gr p t asyht-
rion ok asynetai, p d tn srka pitiyemnvn asy-
netai: ste t metaj to ptiko srj.
pta mn on esn a diafora to smatow sma: lgv
d diaforw a t stoixea diorzousi, yermn cuxrn, jhrn
grn, per n erkamen prteron n tow per tn stoixevn.
t d asyhtrion atn t ptikn, ka n kaloumnh
f prxei asyhsiw prt, t dunmei toiotn sti mrion:
t gr asynesyai psxein ti stn: ste t poion, oon at
nerge&, toioton keno poie, dunmei n. di to movw
yermo ka cuxro, sklhro ka malako, ok asyanmeya,
ll tn perboln, w tw asysevw oon mesthtw tinow
oshw tw n tow asyhtow nantisevw. ka di toto krnei
t asyht. t gr mson kritikn: gnetai gr prw kteron
atn yteron tn krvn: ka de sper t mllon asy-
sesyai leuko ka mlanow mhdteron atn enai nerge&,
dunmei d' mfv (otv d ka p tn llvn), ka p tw
fw mte yermn mte cuxrn. ti d' sper rato ka
ortou n pvw ciw, movw d ka a loipa tn nti-
keimnvn, otv ka f to pto ka nptou: napton
d' st t te mikrn xon pmpan diaforn tn ptn,
oon pponyen r, ka tn ptn a perbola, sper
t fyartik. kay' ksthn mn on tn asysevn erhtai
tp.
Kaylou d per pshw asysevw de laben ti
mn asyhsw sti t dektikn tn asyhtn edn neu tw
lhw, oon khrw to daktulou neu to sidrou ka to
xruso dxetai t shmeon, lambnei d t xruson t
xalkon shmeon, ll' ox xrusw xalkw: movw d
ka asyhsiw kstou p to xontow xrma xumn
cfon psxei, ll' ox kaston kenvn lgetai, ll'
toiond, ka kat tn lgon. asyhtrion d prton n
toiath dnamiw. sti mn on tatn, t d' enai teron:
mgeyow mn gr n ti eh t asyanmenon, o mn t
ge asyhtik enai od' asyhsiw mgeyw stin, ll l-
gow tiw ka dnamiw kenou. fanern d' k totvn ka di
t pote tn asyhtn a perbola fyerousi t asyh-
tria (n gr sxurotra to asyhthrou knhsiw,
letai lgos toto d' n asyhsis sper ka sum-
fvna ka tnow krouomnvn sfdra tn xordn), ka di
t pote t fut ok asynetai, xont ti mrion cuxi-
kn ka psxont ti p tn ptn (ka gr cxe-
tai ka yermanetai): ation gr t m xein mesthta, mhd
toiathn rxn oan t edh dxesyai tn asyhtn, ll
psxein met tw lhw.
porseie d' n tiw e pyoi n
ti p' smw t dnaton sfranynai, p xrmatow t
m dunmenon den: movw d ka p tn llvn. e d
t sfrantn sm, e ti poie, tn sfrhsin sm poie:
ste tn duntvn sfranynai oyn on te psxein p'
smw ( d' atw lgow ka p tn llvn): od tn du-
natn, ll' <> asyhtikn kaston. ma d dlon ka otvw:
ote gr fw ka sktow ote cfow ote sm odn poie
t smata, ll' n ow stn, oon r met brontw
disthsi t jlon. ll t pt ka o xumo poiosin: e
gr m, p tnow n psxoi t cuxa ka lloioto;
r' on kkena poisei; o pn sma payhtikn p' smw
ka cfou, ka t psxonta rista, ka o mnei, oon
r (zei gr sper payn ti); t on sti t smsyai
par t psxein ti; t mn smsyai asynesyai, d'
r payn taxvw asyhtw gnetai;
De Anima III
Copyright 2002 Giovanni Ferrero