Sunexsteron protrepmenow par tn kroatn, tknon Epifnie,
pagoreein ew t kst dokonta dusxer tw mayhmatikw Pto-
lemaou suntjevw, kalw xein ghsmhn tn pomnhmatismn tathw
poisasyai, ka dentvw duon xrin tw toiathw spoudw pimelhynai
tw te tn stronomontvn sksevw ka tw tn stoixeioumnvn pro-
tropw.
Dunatn d' stn tow filalyvw ka zhthtikw ntugxnousin fi-
ksyai w ti pollw podejeiw tn mhdlvw pinohyeisn par tn
pr mn pomnhmatistn pareymeya j n katalelopasin pomnh-
mtvn: t gr safstera proymenoi paralipen, t mlista dusxer
paraleloiptew fanontai. ka prw totoiw to Ptolemaou diarrdhn
n rx tw pragmateaw lgontow "mllontew panta grammikw po-
deiknein", ato t plesta kayper n proxeroiw kansi di ciln
fdvn peranousin. mew d spoudn megsthn tiymeya m mnon di
tn grammikn dejevn panta kat dnamin diejelyen, ll ka
mhdn lvw tn dokontvn enai dusxern paralecai, kn m tosotoi
men per tn toiotvn dialambnontew. ka di t m makrn poisai
tn pomnhmatismn, p mn to prtou tw suntjevw di t stoixeidew
panta kat ljin ktiymenoi, p d tn jw sa mn ka tow mikr
sunorn dunamnoiw emar katafanetai, totvn kntew melsomen,
sa d tow toiotoiw metrvw katafanetai dusyerhta, ka totvn
tw podejeiw ktiymenoi. xrin d megsthn gomeya lambnein par
tn dunatw xntvn dioryosyai t "m w nn exrstvs" par'
mn kribvmna, kayper fhsn ka atw, mhd' asxrn gesyai
meglhw tinw ka yeaw oshw tw paggelaw kn tw p' llvn txv-
men diorysevw: od gr ka ato tosotouw autow enai pepiste-
kamen, w panta kat ljin namfisbhttvw diejelyen.
"Pnu kalw o gnhsvw filosofsantew ..."
Proskon gomai tn stronomen paggellmenon m tw k filoso-
faw makrologaw pareisgein, ll' p t suntomteron kat t duna-
tn paratiynai sa kat te tn ljin ka tn lhn dinoin sti saf:
ka gr stin sxedn t lon proomion w g nomzv safw, e tiw at
kat t plosteron kdxoito, kayper ka at t Ptolema doke:
fhs gr n teleutaoiw to prokeimnou prooimou: ggraptai mn
de pragmatea, f' son n "o p posn prokekoftew parakolou-
"yen at dnainto", tow nouw lgvn prw ow pragmateumenow ok
n toiathn jvsen tn tn auto prooimvn jghsin gensyai, w
tn kroatn ew t par tow filosfoiw baya zhtmata perilkesyai.
e d toto m poio tiw, ok n omai polln lgvn dehyeh. yen mew
p t sunelen tn lhn dinoian rxmeya. stin on kat' mn gnmhn
lh dinoia toiath: tn ezvonta nyrvpon e de tw kalw ka
etktou xesyai katastsevw. stin d ath katstasiw n dus, t
te yevr& ka t prjei, yen ka p panou tn tata dielntvn r-
jato, fskvn kalw kexvriknai t yevrhtikn p to praktiko tow
gnhsvw filosofsantaw. lgei d tow k to Periptou, pe ka met'
lga to Aristotlouw mnhmonevn, ka t yevrhtikn atn fhsin
kalw dielen, w n ka llo ti kalw dielnta, dhlad t erhmnon,
tn lhn filosofan ew do t te praktikn ka t yevrhtikn. lgousi
d t mn yevr& prokesyai tlow t lhyw t d prjei tn edaimonan
ka tn to youw kalokgayan, yen p t praktikn a to youw
reta ka yika kalontai.
Fhs d Ptolemaow sumbebhknai "t praktik t prteron ato
"to yevrhtiko tugxnein", di t svw den prteron tn prjont ti,
ka ti aretn t praxyhsmenon kateilhfnai, ka ti di tnde n
gnoito, ka tnde tn trpon, per stn lhyeutikw ka yevrhtikw
jevw. ll' mvw fhsn meglhn enai n atow tn diaforn. tn mn
gr yikn retn naw ka neu
[2] didaskalaw paragnesyai: j youw
gr pasai atai pln tw fronsevw dokosin sunstasyai. yen ka
yikw atw jiosin nomzesyai, oon yikw tinaw osaw. es d' atai
svfrosnh, ndrea, leuyerithw, dikaiosnh, prathw, ka plw
kay' w kalo ka gayo t yow enai legmeya. dokosin d totvn
tinw ka fusikw paragnesyai. ka gr loga za t mn ndrea, t
d sfrona lgetai enai. totvn mn on tinew ka xvrw lgou tow
nyrpoiw ggnontai, d tn lvn fhs yevra ok neu lgou, ox
plw yevran epn, ll tn tn lvn. gnoito gr n tiw yevra ka
lhyeaw katlhciw ka neu didaskalaw, oai ka a tn jivmtvn
(t t at sa ka llloiw stn sa).
En mi mn on tat t diafor diafrein t erhmna, tr& d
ti tw mn praktikw t felow j ato to prttein (toto d' n eh
t di smatow nergen) periggnesyai, to d yevrhtiko k tw prw
t yevrmata spoudw te ka prokopw.
Ontvn on diafrvn to te praktiko lgv ka to yevrhtiko,
ka keimnou to den katrou xesyai tn e znta, toto ka atw
fhsi poien, katrou xesyai, kat "mn tw prjeiw =uymzvn autn n
"ataw taw tn fantasin pibolaw," nt to n at t rxesya
te ka proairesya ti prttein peirmenow etktvw ka oon erymvw
toto poien: to d yevrhtiko fhsin xesyai, t tn sxoln ew tn
tn yevrhmtvn katanalskein didaskalan, mlista tn mayhmatikn,
tata d' stn t te kat gevmetran ka riymhtikn ka mousikn ka
stronoman.
Oti d ka mayhmatik p t yevrhtikn stin, tn Aristotlh
mrtura parafrei,
[14] w ew tra diele tn yevran, ew te t fusikn ka
mayhmatikn ka yeologikn. ka fhsin kalw xein tn diaresin, diti
ka t prgmat stin tra, j n pnta t nta sunsthken. oiken d
nta lgein t fusik smata: tat g' on enai j lhw ka edouw ka
kinsevw, trin totvn pragmtvn
[14] o dunamnvn mn lllvn kay'
pstasin xvrisynai, w d& mn toto d& d t teron kay' at
postnai od otvw ntvn tn trin, ll t noesyai kaston atn
w dan xon fsin: o gr at kinsevw ka lhw ka edouw fsiw.
Trin on totvn ntvn tn mn knhsin postsai t yeologikn e-
dow: t gr zhtesyai t tw tn lvn prthw kinsevw ation (lgoi
d' n prthn knhsin tn p' natoln p dsin, tathn gr prthn
ksmow kinetai) t on t tathw kinhtikn ation zhtesyai psth
yeologa. yew gr totou t ation, knhtw tiw ka ratow fsiw
"e tiw kat t plon, fhsn, klambnoi" nt to ew plthta natr-
xvn ka xvrzvn at tn svmtvn ew atin ti tw kinsevw jin,
sper kat nlusin gensyai tathn tn nhsin, kayper tn n tow
maymasin: ka gr ntaya tn te pifneian kat tn to stereo
faresin nosamen, ka tn grammn kat tn to pltouw, ka ti
fairontew ka nalontew p t shmeon kathntsamen, xvrsan-
tew ato ka t mkow ti n poleipmenon n' ew t pnth plon
ka mgeyew lyvmen.
Yeologa mn on di tn knhsin, t d fusikn edow di tn lhn
psth. xei gr t fusikn per tn e kinoumnhn ka metabllousan
poithta oon t leukn t yermn t gluk t paln, dlon ti o
mnei p tn atn poiottvn. t d m mnein par tn lhn n eh.
stsevw gr mllon ka monw t edow ation ll' o =sevw. di tw
fusikw lh ata.
H d mayhmatik di t edow psth. per gr tot fhsin atn ka
tn totou poithta xein "ti te tw metabatikw kinseiw." edow
d' n lgoi t praw ka tn pifneian, poithta d edouw t sxma,
oon t trgvnon ka tetrgvnon. skopesyai d' atn ka per phlik-
thtow dhlonti w tn metrikn ka per posthtow w tn riymhtikn
ll ka per tpou ka xrnou w tn stronomikn, ti ka po str
ka n ps xrn pokaystatai katalambnei. ka d enai tathn
tn mayhmatikn sper n ms tw te fusikw ka tw yeologikw.
totvn gr t mn asysevw w t fusikn xrzein prw t katanoh-
ynai, t d no, w t yeologikn, tn d dnasyai ka di' asysevw ka
neu tathw noesyai. ti ka tathn "psi tow osi sumbebhknai,
"ka ynhtow ka yantois": pnta gr prata ka sxmata xein t nta,
w n per svmtvn fusikn lgvn, yen ka prteron otvw jedej-
meya t pnta t nta lhn xein ka edow ka knhsin. e on pnta
n prasi ka sxmasi, per d tata mayhmatik, per pnta n
eh. tow mn on e metabllousin, tata d sti t fusik, "kat t
"xristn fhsi ka at summetablletai". toto d' n eh ti tata
t fusik ka e met tinow pifaneaw st ka edouw ka e n kin-
sei toto t edow xei. tow d ayerdesin nuprxein tn mayhmatikn
t ka tata edow xein, edow d knhton.
Proetimsamen on, fhs, tn mayhmatikn
[2] tn llvn, ti t mn
fusikn katlhpton n vrmen, di t =eustn tw lhw, t d yeolo-
gikn movw katlhpton, di t pantelw fanw ato, d preisi
di' namfisbhttvn podejevn tn te riymhtikn ka gevmetrikn.
pshw mn on tw mayhmatikw pimelhynai, mlista d stronomaw,
di t tathn mnhn per t e ka satvw xonta nastrfesyai.
[14]llvw te ka ti dunat ew t tera mrh tw filosofaw felsai. ew
mn t yeologikn, t ka atn per t yea xein. ggutrv gr t yea
e ka smata tn svmtvn yen, per t m yea. ti d ka ti etak-
tw stin atn for. tjiw d yen okeon. ew d t fusikn sumblle-
syai tn stronoman, ti ka tow fusikow smasin p tw metabati-
kw kinsevw t dimata, t t mn fyarton kkl kinesyai, t d
fyartn p' eyeaw, ti d ka to fyarto t mn bar t p t mson
fresyai, t d kofon t p to msou. prij metlaben ew t poihti-
kn ka payhtikn nt to e tiw m bar yloi lgei ll payhtikn,
m kofon ll poihtikn. ka mn ka prw t praktikn fhsin tn stro-
noman enai xrsimon. suneyzousan gr tow yeoiw smasin ka taw
totvn etajaiw te ka summetraiw didskousan, ew rvta gein to
kalo, ka tjin mpoien t cux.
Toioton to Ptolemaou kat tn metran gnmhn t to pantw
prooimou bolhma. ey' jw re ka n trpon boletai pejinai t
pragmate& ka fhsin, ajein peirsyai tn stronomikn per t k-
keismena tn palain. ylein gr t mn kalw kpeponhmna atow
ka ryn pepoihmna tn skcin proymvw prosesyai, tn to many-
nontow spazmenow trpon. sa d totoiw paralleiptai ka nagkaan
xei tn pizthsin ew sumplrvsin tw yevraw, tata prostiynai
met' kribow tw piskcevw. ndrn gr stevn rgon taw proeilh-
fuaiw pragmateaiw pomnvn, t mn ryw erhmna prosesyai ka m
parorn, t d lleponta prostiynai, per n ps t suntjei tsde
tw yevraw atw poin fanetai. t mn gr faire tn lgvn w t
parlkonta, t d dioryotai w o kalw erhmna, tow d prostyhsin
w paraleleimmna, pitimn mn oden dhmdh pitmhsin, atow d
tow prgmasi prosxvn, kkeyen tn legxon lambnvn tn pstin.
eta pe oden tn makr pollaplasona xrnon kribsteron ti poio-
menon tw tn kinsevn katalceiw, fhsn tosathn prosykhn t
pragmate& spoudzein suneisenegken, shn p tn palaiotrvn
stronmvn xrnow mxri to kay' mw dnait' n peripoisai.
sevn katalceiw, fhsn tosathn prosykhn t
pragmate& spoudzein suneisenegken, shn p tn palaiotrvn
stronmvn xrnow mxri to kay' mw dnait' n peripoisai.
tn kinsevn katalceiw, fhsn tosathn prosykhn t
pragmate& spoudzein suneisenegken, shn p tn palaiotrvn
stronmvn xrnow mxri to kay' mw dnait' n peripoisai.