Aristotelis Opera selecta
Analitica Posteriora
ANALUTIKVN USTERVN B
B.
T zhtomen stin sa tn riymn saper pist-
meya. zhtomen d tttara, t ti, t diti, e sti, t
stin. tan mn gr pteron tde tde zhtmen, ew ri-
ymn yntew, oon pteron klepei liow o, t ti zh-
tomen. shmeon d totou: erntew gr ti klepei pe-
pameya: ka n j rxw edmen ti klepei, o zhto-
men pteron. tan d edmen t ti, t diti zhtomen, oon
edtew ti klepei ka ti kinetai g, t diti klepei
diti kinetai zhtomen. tata mn on otvw, nia d' l-
lon trpon zhtomen, oon e stin m sti kntaurow yew:
t d' e stin m plw lgv, ll' ok e leukw m.
gnntew d ti sti, t sti zhtomen, oon t on sti yew,
t stin nyrvpow;
A mn on zhtomen ka erntew smen, tata ka
tosat stin. zhtomen d, tan mn zhtmen t ti t
e stin plw, r' sti mson ato ok stin: tan d gnn-
tew t ti e stin, t p mrouw t plw, plin
t di t zhtmen t t sti, tte zhtomen t t mson.
lgv d t ti stin p mrouw ka plw, p m-
rouw mn, r' klepei selnh ajetai; e gr sti t
m sti t, n tow toiotoiw zhtomen: plw d', e stin
m selnh nj. sumbanei ra n psaiw taw zh-
tsesi zhten e sti mson t sti t mson. t mn
gr ation t mson, n pasi d toto zhtetai. r' k-
lepei; r' sti ti ation o; met tata gnntew ti sti
ti, t on tot' sti zhtomen. t gr ation to enai m
tod tod ll' plw tn osan, to m plw l-
l ti tn kay' at kat sumbebhkw, t mson stn.
lgv d t mn plw t pokemenon, oon selnhn gn
lion trgvnon, t d t kleicin, sthta nisthta,
e n ms m. n pasi gr totoiw fanern stin ti
t at sti t t sti ka di t stin. t stin kleiciw;
strhsiw fvtw p selnhw p gw ntifrjevw. di
t stin kleiciw, di t klepei selnh; di t
polepein t fw ntifrattoshw tw gw. t sti sum-
fvna; lgow riymn n je ka bare. di t sumfv-
ne t j t bare; di t lgon xein riymn t j
ka t bar. r' sti sumfvnen t j ka t bar; r'
stn n riymow lgow atn; labntew d' ti sti, tw
on stin lgow;
Oti d' st to msou zthsiw, dhlo svn t m-
son asyhtn. zhtomen gr m syhmnoi, oon tw kle-
cevw, e stin m. e d' men p tw selnhw, ok n zh-
tomen ot' e gnetai ote di t, ll' ma dlon n n.
k gr to asysyai ka t kaylou gneto n mn ed-
nai. mn gr asyhsiw ti nn ntifrttei (ka gr d-
lon ti nn klepei): k d totou t kaylou n gneto.
Vsper on lgomen, t t stin ednai tat sti ka
di t stin, toto d' plw ka m tn parxntvn ti,
tn parxntvn, oon ti do rya, ti mezon
latton.
Oti mn on pnta t zhtomena msou zthsw sti,
dlon: pw d t t sti deknutai, ka tw trpow tw
nagvgw, ka t stin rismw ka tnvn, epvmen, diapo-
rsantew prton per atn. rx d' stv tn mellntvn
per stn okeiotth tn xomnvn lgvn. porseie gr
n tiw, r' sti t at ka kat t at rism ednai
ka podejei, dnaton; mn gr rismw to t stin
enai doke, t d t stin pan kaylou ka kathgorikn:
sullogismo d' esn o mn sterhtiko, o d' o kaylou,
oon o mn n t deutr sxmati sterhtiko pntew, o d'
n t trt o kaylou. eta od tn n t prt sx-
mati kathgorikn pntvn stin rismw, oon ti pn tr-
gvnon dusn ryaw saw xei. totou d lgow, ti t p-
stasya sti t podeiktn t pdeijin xein, st' pe
tn toiotvn pdeijiw sti, dlon ti ok n eh atn ka
rismw: pstaito gr n tiw ka kat tn rismn, ok
xvn tn pdeijin: odn gr kvlei m ma xein. kan
d pstiw ka k tw pagvgw: odn gr ppote ris-
menoi gnvmen, ote tn kay' at parxntvn ote tn sum-
bebhktvn. ti e rismw osaw tinw gnvrismw, t ge
toiata fanern ti ok osai.
Oti mn on ok stin rismw pantow oper ka p-
deijiw, dlon. t da, o rismw, ra pantw pdeijiw stin
o; ew mn d lgow ka per totou atw. to gr
nw, n, ma pistmh. st' eper t pstasyai t po-
deiktn sti t tn pdeijin xein, sumbseta ti dna-
ton: gr tn rismn xvn neu tw podejevw pistse-
tai. ti a rxa tn podejevn rismo, n ti ok son-
tai podejeiw ddeiktai prteron sontai a rxa po-
deikta ka tn rxn rxa, ka tot' ew peiron badi-
etai, t prta rismo sontai napdeiktoi.
All' ra, e m pantw to ato, ll tinw to
ato stin rismw ka pdeijiw; dnaton; o gr stin
pdeijiw o rismw. rismw mn gr to t sti ka o-
saw: a d' podejeiw fanontai psai potiymenai ka
lambnousai t t stin, oon a mayhmatika t monw ka
t t perittn, ka a llai movw. ti psa pdeijiw
t kat tinw deknusin, oon ti stin ok stin: n d t
rism odn teron trou kathgoretai, oon ote t zon
kat to dpodow ote toto kat to zou, od d kat to
pipdou t sxma: o gr sti t ppedon sxma, od
t sxma ppedon. ti teron t t sti ka ti sti dejai.
mn on rismw t sti dhlo, d pdeijiw ti sti
tde kat tode ok stin. trou d tra pdeijiw, n
m w mrow ti tw lhw. toto d lgv, ti ddeiktai
t soskelw do rya, e pn trgvnon ddeiktai: mrow
gr, t d' lon. tata d prw llhla ok xei otvw,
t ti sti ka t stin: o gr sti yatrou yteron mrow.
Fanern ra ti ote o rismw, totou pantw p-
deijiw, ote o pdeijiw, totou pantw rismw, ote lvw
to ato odenw ndxetai mfv xein. ste dlon w od
rismw ka pdeijiw ote t at n eh ote yteron n ya-
tr: ka gr n t pokemena movw exen.
Tata mn on mxri totou dihporsyv: to d t
sti pteron sti sullogismw ka pdeijiw ok sti, ka-
yper nn lgow pyeto; mn gr sullogismw t kat
tinw deknusi di to msou: t d t stin din te, ka n
t t sti kathgoretai. tata d' ngkh ntistrfein. e
gr t A to G dion, dlon ti ka to B ka toto to G,
ste pnta lllvn. ll mn ka e t A n t t stin
prxei pant t B, ka kaylou t B pantw to G n
t t sti lgetai, ngkh ka t A n t t sti to G
lgesyai. e d m otv tiw lcetai diplsaw, ok ngkh
stai t A to G kathgoresyai n t t stin, e t mn A
to B n t t sti, m kay' svn d t B, n t t stin.
t d t stin mfv tata jei: stai ra ka t B kat
to G t t stin. e d t t sti ka t t n enai mfv
xei, p to msou stai prteron t t n enai. lvw te,
e sti dejai t stin nyrvpow, stv t G nyrvpow, t d
A t t stin, ete zon dpoun et' llo ti. e tonun sul-
logietai, ngkh kat to B t A pantw kathgoresyai.
toto d' stai llow lgow msow, ste ka toto stai t
stin nyrvpow. lambnei on de dejai: ka gr t B
stai t stin nyrvpow.
De d' n taw dus protsesi ka tow prtoiw ka
msoiw skopen: mlista gr fanern t legmenon gne-
tai. o mn on di to ntistrfein deiknntew t sti cux,
t stin nyrvpow llo tion tn ntvn, t j rxw
atontai, oon e tiw jiseie cuxn enai t at at
ation to zn, toto d' riymn atn atn kinonta: ngkh
gr atsai tn cuxn per riymn enai atn atn ki-
nonta, otvw w t at n. o gr e kolouye t A
t B ka toto t G, stai t G t A t t n enai,
ll' lhyw epen stai mnon: od' e sti t A per ti
ka kat to B kathgoretai pantw. ka gr t z e-
nai kathgoretai kat to nyrp enai (lhyw gr pn
t nyrp enai z enai, sper ka pnta nyrvpon
zon), ll' ox otvw ste n enai. n mn on m otv
lb, o sullogietai ti t A st t G t t n enai
ka osa: n d otv lb, prteron stai elhfw t
G t sti t t n enai [t B]. st' ok poddeiktai: t gr
n rx elhfen.
All mn od' di tn diairsevn dw sullog-
zetai, kayper n t nalsei t per t sxmata e-
rhtai. odamo gr ngkh gnetai t prgma keno enai
tvnd ntvn, ll' sper od' pgvn podeknusin. o gr
de t sumprasma rvtn, od t donai enai, ll'
ngkh enai kenvn ntvn, kn m f pokrinmenow.
r' nyrvpow zon cuxon; et' labe zon, o sul-
lelgistai. plin pan zon pezn nudron: labe
pezn. ka t enai tn nyrvpon t lon, zon pezn, ok
ngkh k tn erhmnvn, ll lambnei ka toto. dia-
frei d' odn p polln lgvn otv poien: t at
gr stin. (sullgistow mn on ka xrsiw gnetai tow
otv metiosi ka tn ndexomnvn sullogisynai.) t gr
kvlei toto lhyw mn t pn enai kat to nyrpou,
m mntoi t t sti mhd t t n enai dhlon; ti t kv-
lei prosyena ti felen perbebhknai tw osaw;
Tata mn on paretai mn, ndxetai d lsai t
lambnein n t t sti pnta, ka t fejw t diairsei
poien, atomenon t prton, ka mhdn paralepein. toto
d' nagkaon, e pan ew tn diaresin mpptei ka mhdn
llepei: [toto d' nagkaon,] tomon gr dh de enai. ll
sullogismw mvw ok sti, ll' eper, llon trpon
gnvrzein poie. ka toto mn odn topon: od gr
pgvn svw podeknusin, ll' mvw dhlo ti. sullogi-
smn d' o lgei k tw diairsevw lgvn tn rismn.
sper gr n tow sumpersmasi tow neu tn msvn,
n tiw ep ti totvn ntvn ngkh tod enai, ndxetai
rvtsai di t, otvw ka n tow diairetikow roiw. t stin
nyrvpow; zon ynhtn, ppoun, dpoun, pteron. di t,
par' ksthn prsyesin; re gr, ka dejei t diairsei,
w oetai, ti pn ynhtn ynaton. d toiotow l-
gow paw ok stin rismw, st' e ka pedeknuto t diai-
rsei, ll' g' rismw o sullogismw gnetai.
All' ra sti ka podejai t t sti kat' osan,
j poysevw d, labnta t mn t n enai t k tn n
t t stin dion, tad d n t t sti mna, ka dion t
pn; toto gr sti t enai ken. plin elhfe t t
n enai ka n tot; ngkh gr di to msou dejai.
ti sper od' n sullogism lambnetai t sti t sul-
lelogsyai (e gr lh mrow prtasiw, j n sul-
logisms), otvw od t t n enai de nenai n t sul-
logism, ll xvrw toto tn keimnvn enai, ka prw
tn mfisbhtonta e sullelgistai m, toto pantn
ti "toto gr n sullogisms", ka prw tn ti o t t
n enai sullelgistai, ti "na: toto gr keito mn t
t n enai". ste ngkh ka neu to t sullogismw t
t n enai sullelogsyai ti.
Kn j poysevw d deikn, oon e t kak st t
diairet enai, t d' nant t t nant enai, soiw
sti ti nanton: t d' gayn t kak nanton ka t diare-
ton t diairet: stin ra t gay enai t diairt e-
nai. ka gr ntaya labn t t n enai deknusi: lam-
bnei d' ew t dejai t t n enai. "teron mntoi". stv:
ka gr n taw podejesin, ti st tde kat tode: ll
m at, mhd o atw lgow, ka ntistrfei. prw m-
fotrouw d, tn te kat diaresin deiknnta ka prw tn
otv sullogismn, t at prhma: di t stai nyrv-
pow zon pezn dpoun, ll' o zon ka pezn ; k
gr tn lambanomnvn odema ngkh stn n gnesyai t
kathgoromenon, ll' sper n nyrvpow atw eh mousikw
ka grammatikw.
Pw on d rizmenow dejei tn osan t t
stin; ote gr w podeiknw j mologoumnvn enai d-
lon poisei ti ngkh kenvn ntvn tern ti enai (p-
deijiw gr toto), oy' w pgvn di tn kay' kasta
dlvn ntvn, ti pn otvw t mhdn llvw: o gr t
sti deknusin, ll' ti stin ok stin. tw on llow tr-
pow loipw; o gr d dejei ge t asysei t da-
ktl.
Eti pw dejei t t stin; ngkh gr tn edta t
t stin nyrvpow llo tion, ednai ka ti stin (t gr
m n odew oden ti stn, ll t mn shmanei lgow
t noma, tan epv traglafow, t d' st tragla-
fow dnaton ednai). ll mn e dejei t sti ka ti
sti, pw t at lg dejei; te gr rismw n ti
dhlo ka pdeijiw: t d t stin nyrvpow ka t enai
nyrvpon llo.
Eta ka di' podejew famen nagkaon enai de-
knusyai pan ti stn, e m osa eh. t d' enai ok
osa oden: o gr gnow t n. pdeijiw r' stai ti
stin. per ka nn poiosin a pistmai. t mn gr shma-
nei t trgvnon, laben gevmtrhw, ti d' sti, deknusin.
t on dejei rizmenow t sti t trgvnon; edw ra
tiw rism t stin, e stin ok esetai. ll' dnaton.
Fanern d ka kat tow nn trpouw tn rvn w o
deiknousin o rizmenoi ti stin. e gr ka stin k to m-
sou ti son, ll di t sti t risyn; ka di t tot'
sti kklow; eh gr n ka reixlkou fnai enai atn.
ote gr ti dunatn enai t legmenon prosdhlosin o
roi, ote ti keno o fasn enai rismo, ll' e jesti
lgein t di t.
E ra rizmenow deknusin t stin t shmanei
tonoma, e m sti mhdamw to t stin, eh n rismw
lgow nmati t at shmanvn. ll' topon. prton
mn gr ka m osin n eh ka tn m ntvn: shmanein
gr sti ka t m nta. ti pntew o lgoi rismo n
een: eh gr n noma ysyai poion lg, ste rouw n
dialegomeya pntew ka Iliw rismw n eh. ti ode-
ma pdeijiw podejeien n ti toto tonoma tout dhlo:
od' o rismo tonun toto prosdhlosin.
Ek mn tonun totvn ote rismw ka sullogismw
fanetai tatn n, ote tato sullogismw ka rismw:
prw d totoiw, ti ote rismw odn ote podeknusin ote
deknusin, ote t t stin oy' rism ot' podejei sti gnnai.
Plin d skepton t totvn lgetai kalw ka t o
kalw, ka t stin rismw, ka to t stin r pvw stin
pdeijiw ka rismw odamw. pe d' stn, w famen,
tatn t ednai t sti ka t ednai t ation to e sti
(lgow d totou, ti sti ti t ation, ka toto t at
llo, kn llo, podeiktn napdeikton) e tonun
stn llo ka ndxetai podejai, ngkh mson enai
t ation ka n t sxmati t prt deknusyai: ka-
ylou te gr ka kathgorikn t deiknmenon. ew mn d
trpow n eh nn jhtasmnow, t di' llou tou t sti de-
knusyai. tn te gr t stin ngkh t mson enai t sti,
ka tn dvn dion. ste t mn dejei, t d' o dejei tn t
n enai t at prgmati.
Otow mn on trpow ti ok n eh pdeijiw, erhtai
prteron: ll' sti logikw sullogismw to t stin. n d
trpon ndxetai, lgvmen, epntew plin j rxw. w-
per gr t diti zhtomen xontew t ti, note d ka ma
dla gnetai, ll' oti prtern ge t diti dunatn gnvr-
sai to ti, dlon ti movw ka t t n enai ok neu to
ti stin: dnaton gr ednai t stin, gnoontaw e stin.
t d' e stin t mn kat sumbebhkw xomen, t d'
xontw ti ato to prgmatow, oon brontn, ti cfow
tiw nefn, ka kleicin, ti strhsw tiw fvtw, ka nyrv-
pon, ti zn ti, ka cuxn, ti at at kinon. sa mn
on kat sumbebhkw odamen ti stin, nagkaon mhdamw
xein prw t t stin: od gr ti stin smen: t d zhten
t sti m xontaw ti sti, mhdn zhten stin. kay' svn d'
xomn ti, =on. ste w xomen ti stin, otvw xomen ka
prw t t stin. n on xomn ti to t stin, stv prton mn
de: kleiciw f' o t A, selnh f' o G, ntfrajiw
gw f' o B. t mn on pteron klepei o, t B zh-
ten stin, r' stin o. toto d' odn diafrei zhten e
sti lgow ato: ka n toto, kken famen enai.
potraw tw ntifsew stin lgow, pteron to xein do
ryw to m xein. tan d' ervmen, ma t ti ka t
diti smen, n di' msvn : e d m, t ti, t diti d'
o. selnh G, kleiciw A, t panselnou skin m d-
nasyai poien mhdenw mn metaj ntow fanero, f' o
B. e tonun t G prxei t B t m dnasyai poien
skin mhdenw metaj mn ntow, tot d t A t kle-
loipnai, ti mn klepei dlon, diti d' opv, ka ti
mn stin kleiciw smen, t d' stn ok smen. dlou d' n-
tow ti t A t G prxei, ll di t prxei, t zh-
ten t B t sti, pteron ntfrajiw strof tw selnhw
psbesiw. toto d' stn lgow to trou krou, oon n
totoiw to A: sti gr kleiciw ntfrajiw p gw. t
sti bront; purw psbesiw n nfei. di t bront; di
t posbnnusyai t pr n t nfei. nfow G, bront A,
psbesiw purw t B. t d G t nfei prxei t B
(posbnnutai gr n at t pr), tot d t A, c-
fow: ka sti ge lgow t B to A to prtou krou. n
d plin totou llo mson , k tn paralopvn stai
lgvn.
Vw mn tonun lambnetai t t sti ka gnetai gn-
rimon, erhtai, ste sullogismw mn to t stin o gnetai
od' pdeijiw, dlon mntoi di sullogismo ka di' po-
dejevw: st' ot' neu podejevw sti gnnai t t stin,
o stin ation llo, ot' stin pdeijiw ato, sper ka
n tow diapormasin epomen.
Esti d tn mn tern ti ation, tn d' ok stin. ste
dlon ti ka tn t sti t mn mesa ka rxa esin,
ka enai ka t stin poysyai de llon trpon
faner poisai (per riymhtikw poie: ka gr t
sti tn monda potyetai, ka ti stin): tn d' xn-
tvn mson, ka n sti ti teron ation tw osaw, sti di'
podejevw, sper epomen, dhlsai, m t t stin po-
deiknntaw.
Orismw d' peid lgetai enai lgow to t sti, fa-
nern ti mn tiw stai lgow to t shmanei t noma l-
gow terow nomatdhw, oon t shmanei [t sti] tr-
gvnon. per xontew ti sti, zhtomen di t stin: xale-
pn d' otvw st laben m smen ti stin. d' ata
erhtai prteron tw xalepthtow, ti od' e stin m
smen, ll' kat sumbebhkw. (lgow d' ew st dixw,
mn sundsm, sper Iliw, d t n kay' nw dh-
lon m kat sumbebhkw.)
Ew mn d row stn rou erhmnow, llow d' stn
row lgow dhln di t stin. ste mn prterow shma-
nei mn, deknusi d' o, d' sterow fanern ti stai oon
pdeijiw to t sti, t ysei diafrvn tw podejevw.
diafrei gr epen di t bront ka t sti bront: re
gr otv mn "diti posbnnutai t pr n tow nfesi":
t d' st bront; cfow posbennumnou purw n nfesin.
ste atw lgow llon trpon lgetai, ka d mn p-
deijiw sunexw, d d rismw. (ti stn row brontw c-
fow n nfesi: toto d' st tw to t stin podejevw sum-
prasma.) d tn msvn rismw ysiw st to t stin
napdeiktow.
Estin ra rismw ew mn lgow to t stin nap-
deiktow, ew d sullogismw to t sti, ptsei diafrvn
tw podejevw, trtow d tw to t stin podejevw sum-
prasma. fanern on k tn erhmnvn ka pw sti to t
stin pdeijiw ka pw ok sti, ka tnvn sti ka tnvn ok
stin, ti d' rismw posaxw te lgetai ka pw t t
sti deknusi ka pw o, ka tnvn sti ka tnvn o, ti d
prw pdeijin pw xei, ka pw ndxetai to ato enai
ka pw ok ndxetai.
Epe d pstasyai omeya tan edmen tn atan,
atai d tttarew, ma mn t t n enai, ma d t tnvn
ntvn ngkh tot' enai, tra d t prton knhse, te-
trth d t tnow neka, psai atai di to msou de-
knuntai. t te gr o ntow tod ngkh enai miw mn
protsevw lhfyeshw ok sti, duon d tolxiston:
toto d' stn, tan n mson xvsin. totou on nw lh-
fyntow t sumprasma ngkh enai. dlon d ka de.
di t ry n mikukl; tnow ntow ry; stv d ry
f' w A, mseia duon ryan f' w B, n miku-
kl f' w G. to d t A tn ryn prxein t G t
n t mikukl ation t B. ath mn gr t A sh,
d t G t B: do gr ryn mseia. to B on ntow
mseow do ryn t A t G prxei (toto d' n t n
mikukl ryn enai). toto d tatn sti t t n enai,
t toto shmanein tn lgon. ll mn ka t t n enai
ation ddeiktai t mson .
T d di t Mhdikw plemow
gneto Ayhnaoiw; tw ata to polemesyai Ayhnaouw; ti
ew Srdeiw met' Eretrivn nbalon: toto gr knhse
prton. plemow f' o A, protrouw esbalen B, Ayh-
naoi t G. prxei d t B t G, t protroiw mbalen
tow Ayhnaoiw, t d A t B: polemosi gr tow pr-
teron diksasin. prxei ra t mn B t A, t pole-
mesyai tow protroiw rjasi: toto d t B tow
Ayhnaoiw: prteroi gr rjan. mson ra ka ntaya
t ation, t prton kinsan.
Osvn d' ation t neka tnos
oon di t peripate; pvw gian: di t oka stin;
pvw szhtai t skeh t mn neka to gianein, t d'
neka to szesyai. di t d p depnou de peripaten,
ka neka tnow de, odn diafrei. perpatow p depnou
G, t m pipolzein t sita f' o B, t gianein f'
o A. stv d t p depnou peripaten prxon t poi-
en m pipolzein t sita prw t stmati tw koilaw,
ka toto gieinn. doke gr prxein t peripaten t G
t B t m pipolzein t sita, tot d t A t gi-
einn. t on ation t G to t A prxein t o neka;
t B t m pipolzein. toto d' stn sper kenou l-
gow: t gr A otvw podoysetai. di t d t B t G
stin; ti tot' sti t gianein, t otvw xein. de d
metalambnein tow lgouw, ka otvw mllon kasta
fanetai. a d genseiw npalin ntaya ka p tn
kat knhsin atvn: ke mn gr t mson de gensyai
prton, ntaya d t G, t sxaton, teleutaon d t
o neka.
Endxetai d t at ka nek tinow enai ka j
ngkhw, oon di to lamptrow t fw: ka gr j ng-
khw dirxetai t mikromersteron di tn meiznvn prvn,
eper fw gnetai t diinai, ka nek tinow, pvw m
ptavmen. r' on e enai ndxetai, ka gnesyai ndxe-
tai: sper e bront posbennumnou te to purw ngkh
szein ka cofen ka, e w o Puyagreio fasin, pei-
lw neka tow n t tartr, pvw fobntai; plesta
d toiat' sti, ka mlista n tow kat fsin sunistam-
noiw ka sunestsin: mn gr nek tou poie fsiw,
d' j ngkhw. d' ngkh ditt: mn gr kat f-
sin ka tn rmn, d b& par tn rmn, sper l-
yow j ngkhw ka nv ka ktv fretai, ll' o di
tn atn ngkhn. n d tow p dianoaw t mn odpote
p to atomtou prxei, oon oka ndriw, od' j
ngkhw, ll' nek tou, t d ka p txhw, oon g-
eia ka svthra. mlista d n soiw ndxetai ka de
ka llvw, tan, m p txhw, gnesiw ste t tlow
gayn, nek tou gnetai, ka fsei txn. p t-
xhw d' odn nek tou gnetai.
T d' at atin sti tow ginomnoiw ka tow gegenh-
mnoiw ka tow somnoiw per ka tow osi (t gr m-
son ation), pln tow mn osin n, tow d ginomnoiw gin-
menon, tow d gegenhmnoiw gegenhmnon ka somnoiw s-
menon. oon di t ggonen kleiciw; diti n ms ggonen
g: gnetai d diti gnetai, stai d diti stai n ms,
ka sti diti stin. t sti krstallow; elfyv d ti dvr
pephgw. dvr f' o G, pephgw f' o A, ation t
mson f' o B, kleiciw yermo pantelw. prxei d
t G t B, tot d t pephgnai t f' o A. gnetai
d krstallow ginomnou to B, gegnhtai d gegenhmnou,
stai d' somnou.
T mn on otvw ation ka o ation ma gnetai,
tan gnhtai, ka stin, tan : ka p to gegonnai ka
sesyai satvw. p d tn m ma r' stin n t su-
nexe xrn, sper doke mn, lla llvn atia enai,
to tde gensyai teron genmenon, ka to sesyai teron s-
menon, ka to gnesyai d, e ti mprosyen gneto; sti d
p to steron gegontow sullogismw (rx d ka
totvn t gegonta): di ka p tn ginomnvn satvw.
p d to protrou ok stin, oon pe tde ggonen, ti
td' steron ggonen: ka p to sesyai satvw. ote
gr orstou oy' risyntow stai to xrnou st' pe tot'
lhyw epen gegonnai, td' lhyw epen gegonnai t
steron. n gr t metaj cedow stai t epen toto,
dh yatrou gegontow. d' atw lgow ka p to so-
mnou, od' pe tde ggone, td' stai. t gr mson
mgonon de enai, tn genomnvn genmenon, tn somnvn
smenon, tn ginomnvn ginmenon, tn ntvn n: to d g-
gone ka to stai ok ndxetai enai mgonon. ti ote
riston ndxetai enai tn xrnon tn metaj oy' ri-
smnon: cedow gr stai t epen n t metaj. piske-
pton d t t sunxon ste met t gegonnai t gnesyai
prxein n tow prgmasin. dlon ti ok stin xme-
non gegontow ginmenon; od gr genmenon genomnou: p-
rata gr ka toma: sper on od stigma esin ll-
lvn xmenai, od genmena: mfv gr diareta. od
d ginmenon gegenhmnou di t at: t mn gr ginme-
non diairetn, t d gegonw diareton. sper on gramm
prw stigmn xei, otv t ginmenon prw t gegonw: n-
uprxei gr peira gegonta n t ginomn. mllon d
fanerw n tow kaylou per kinsevw de lexynai per
totvn.
Per mn on to pw n fejw ginomnhw tw gen-
sevw xoi t mson t ation p tosoton elfyv. ngkh
gr ka n totoiw t mson ka t prton mesa enai.
oon t A ggonen, pe t G ggonen (steron d t G g-
gonen, mprosyen d t A: rx d t G di t ggteron
to nn enai, stin rx to xrnou). t d G ggonen, e
t D ggonen. to d D genomnou ngkh t A gegonnai.
ation d t G: to gr D genomnou t G ngkh gego-
nnai, to d G gegontow ngkh prteron t A gegonnai.
otv d lambnonti t mson stseta pou ew meson,
e parempesetai di t peiron; o gr stin xmenon
gegonw gegontow, sper lxyh. ll' rjasya ge mvw
ngkh p' msou ka p to nn prtou. movw d
ka p to stai. e gr lhyw epen ti stai t D,
ngkh prteron lhyw epen ti t A stai. totou d'
ation t G: e mn gr t D stai, prteron t G stai:
e d t G stai, prteron t A stai. movw d' peirow
tom ka n totoiw: o gr stin smena xmena l-
llvn. rx d ka n totoiw mesow lhpta. xei d
otvw p tn rgvn: e ggonen oka, ngkh tetmsyai
lyouw ka gegonnai. toto di t; ti ngkh yemlion
gegonnai, eper ka oka ggonen: e d yemlion, pr-
teron lyouw gegonnai ngkh. plin e stai oka, sa-
tvw prteron sontai lyoi. deknutai d di to msou
movw: stai gr yemliow prteron.
Epe d' rmen n tow ginomnoiw kkl tin gnesin
osan, ndxetai toto enai, eper pointo llloiw t m-
son ka o kroi: n gr totoiw t ntistrfein stn. d-
deiktai d toto n tow prtoiw, ti ntistrfei t sum-
persmata: t d kkl tot stin. p d tn rgvn
fanetai de: bebregmnhw tw gw ngkh tmda gen-
syai, totou d genomnou nfow, totou d genomnou dvr:
totou d genomnou ngkh bebrxyai tn gn: toto d' n t
j rxw, ste kkl perielluyen: nw gr atn touon
ntow teron sti, kkenou llo, ka totou t prton.
Esti d' nia mn ginmena kaylou (e te gr ka
p pantw otvw xei gnetai), t d e mn o, w
p t pol d, oon o pw nyrvpow rrhn t gneion tri-
xotai, ll' w p t pol. tn d toiotvn ngkh ka
t mson w p t pol enai. e gr t A kat to B
kaylou kathgoretai, ka toto kat to G kaylou, ngkh
ka t A kat to G e ka p pantw kathgoresyai:
toto gr sti t kaylou, t p pant ka e. ll' p-
keito w p t pol: ngkh ra ka t mson w p
t pol enai t f' o t B. sontai tonun ka tn w
p t pol rxa mesoi, sa w p t pol otvw stin
gnetai.
Pw mn on t t stin ew tow rouw poddotai, ka
tna trpon pdeijiw rismw stin ato ok stin, erh-
tai prteron: pw d de yhreein t n t t sti kath-
goromena, nn lgvmen.
Tn d parxntvn e kst nia pektenei p
plon, o mntoi jv to gnouw. lgv d p plon pr-
xein sa prxei mn kst kaylou, o mn ll ka
ll. oon sti ti ps tridi prxei, ll ka m
tridi, sper t n prxei t tridi, ll ka m
riym, ll ka t perittn prxei te ps tridi
ka p plon prxei (ka gr t pentdi prxei), ll'
ok jv to gnouw: mn gr pentw riymw, odn d jv
riymo perittn. t d toiata lhpton mxri totou, vw
tosata lhfy prton n kaston mn p plon prjei,
panta d m p plon: tathn gr ngkh osan enai
to prgmatow. oon tridi prxei ps riymw, t pe-
rittn, t prton mfotrvw, ka w m metresyai ri-
ym ka w m sugkesyai j riymn. toto tonun dh
stn triw, riymw perittw prtow ka d prtow. to-
tvn gr kaston, t mn ka tow perittow psin prxei,
t d teleutaon ka t dudi, pnta d oden. pe d
dedlvtai mn n tow nv ti kaylou mn sti t n
t t sti kathgoromena (t kaylou d nagkaa), t d
tridi, ka f' o llou otv lambnetai, n t t sti t
lambanmena, otvw j ngkhw mn n eh triw tata.
ti d' osa, k tnde dlon. ngkh gr, e m toto n
tridi enai, oon gnow ti enai toto, nomasmnon n-
numon. stai tonun p plon t tridi prxon. po-
kesyv gr toioton enai t gnow ste prxein kat d-
namin p plon. e tonun mhden prxei ll taw
tmoiw trisi, tot' n eh t tridi enai (pokesyv gr
ka toto, osa kstou enai p tow tmoiw sxa-
tow toiath kathgora): ste movw ka ll ton tn
otv deixyntvn t at enai stai.
Xr d, tan lon ti pragmatehta tiw, dielen t
gnow ew t toma t edei t prta, oon riymn ew
trida ka duda, ey' otvw kenvn rismow peirsyai
lambnein, oon eyeaw grammw ka kklou, ka ryw gv-
naw, met d toto labnta t t gnow, oon pteron tn
posn tn poin, t dia pyh yevren di tn koinn
prtvn. tow gr suntiyemnoiw k tn tmvn t sum-
banonta k tn rismn stai dla, di t rxn enai
pntvn tn rismn ka t plon ka tow plow kay'
at prxein t sumbanonta mnoiw, tow d' lloiw kat'
kena. a d diairseiw a kat tw diaforw xrsimo
esin ew t otv metinai: w mntoi deiknousin, erhtai n
tow prteron. xrsimoi d' n een de mnon prw t sul-
logzesyai t t stin. katoi djein g' n odn, ll' e-
yw lambnein panta, sper n e j rxw lmban
tiw neu tw diairsevw. diafrei d ti t prton ka ste-
ron tn kathgoroumnvn kathgoresyai, oon epen zon me-
ron dpoun dpoun zon meron. e gr pan k do st,
ka n ti t zon meron, ka plin k totou ka tw dia-
forw nyrvpow ti dpot' st t n ginmenon, nag-
kaon dielmenon atesyai.
Eti prw t mhdn paralipen
n t t stin otv mnvw ndxetai. tan gr t prton
lhfy gnow, n mn tn ktvyn tina diairsevn lam-
bn, ok mpesetai pan ew toto, oon o pn zon
lpteron sxizpteron, ll pthnn zon pan: totou
gr diafor ath. prth d diafor sti zou ew n
pan zon mpptei. movw d ka tn llvn kstou,
ka tn jv genn ka tn p' at, oon rniyow, ew n
paw rniw, ka xyow, ew n paw xyw. otv mn on
badzonti stin ednai ti odn paralleiptai: llvw d
ka paralipen nagkaon ka m ednai. odn d de tn
rizmenon ka diairomenon panta ednai t nta. ka-
toi dnatn fas tinew enai tw diaforw ednai tw prw
kaston m edta kaston: neu d tn diaforn ok enai
kaston ednai: o gr m diafrei, tatn enai tot, o d
diafrei, teron totou. prton mn on toto cedow: o gr
kat psan diaforn teron: polla gr diafora pr-
xousi tow atow t edei, ll' o kat' osan od kay'
at. eta tan lb tntikemena ka tn diaforn ka
ti pn mpptei ntaya ntaya, ka lb n yatr
t zhtomenon enai, ka toto ginsk, odn diafrei ed-
nai m ednai f' svn kathgorontai llvn a dia-
fora. fanern gr ti n otv badzvn ly ew tata
n mhkti sti diafor, jei tn lgon tw osaw. t d'
pan mpptein ew tn diaresin, n ntikemena n m
sti metaj, ok athma: ngkh gr pan n yatr
atn enai, eper kenou diafor sti.
Ew d t kataskeuzein ron di tn diairsevn trin
de stoxzesyai, to laben t kathgoromena n t t
sti, ka tata tjai t prton deteron, ka ti tata
pnta. sti d totvn n prton di to dnasyai, sper
prw sumbebhkw sullogsasyai ti prxei, ka di to
gnouw kataskeusai. t d tjai w de stai, n t
prton lb. toto d' stai, n lhfy psin kolou-
ye, ken d m pnta: ngkh gr ena ti toioton.
lhfyntow d totou dh p tn ktv atw trpow:
deteron gr t tn llvn prton stai, ka trton t
tn xomnvn: faireyntow gr to nvyen t xmenon
tn llvn prton stai. movw d ka p tn llvn.
ti d' panta tata, fanern k to laben t te pr-
ton kat diaresin, ti pan tde tde zon, pr-
xei d tde, ka plin totou lou tn diaforn, to d
teleutaou mhkti enai diaforn, ka eyw met tw
teleutaaw diaforw to sunlou m diafrein edei ti toto.
dlon gr ti ote pleon prskeitai (pnta gr n t t
stin elhptai totvn) ote polepei odn: gr gnow
diafor n eh. gnow mn on t te prton, ka met
tn diaforn toto proslambanmenon: a diafora d p-
sai xontai: o gr ti stin stra: edei gr n difere
t teleutaon, toto d' erhtai m diafrein.
Zhten d de piblponta p t moia ka di-
fora, prton t panta tatn xousin, eta plin f'
troiw, n tat mn gnei kenoiw, es d atow mn
tat t edei, kenvn d' tera. tan d' p totvn lh-
fy t pnta tatn, ka p tn llvn movw, p tn
elhmmnvn plin skopen e tatn, vw n ew na ly
lgon: otow gr stai to prgmatow rismw. n d m
badz ew na ll' ew do pleouw, dlon ti ok n eh
n ti enai t zhtomenon, ll plev. oon lgv, e t
sti megalocuxa zhtomen, skepton p tinvn megalo-
cxvn, ow smen, t xousin n pntew toiotoi. oon e
Alkibidhw megalcuxow Axillew ka Aaw, t
n pantew; t m nxesyai brizmenoi: mn gr po-
lmhsen, d' mnisen, d' pkteinen autn. plin f'
trvn, oon Lusndrou Svkrtouw. e d t diforoi e-
nai etuxontew ka tuxontew, tata do labn skop
t t at xousin te pyeia per tw txaw ka
m pomon timazomnvn. e d mhdn, do edh n eh
tw megalocuxaw. ae d' st pw row kaylou: o gr tini
fyalm lgei t gieinn atrw, ll' pant edei f-
orsaw. =n te t kay' kaston rsasyai t kaylou, di de
p tn kay' kasta p t kaylou metabanein: ka
gr a mvnumai lanynousi mllon n tow kaylou n
tow diafroiw. sper d n taw podejesi de t ge
sullelogsyai prxein, otv ka n tow roiw t safw.
toto d' stai, n di tn kay' kaston elhmmnvn t n
kst gnei rzesyai xvrw, oon t moion m pn ll
t n xrmasi ka sxmasi, ka j t n fvn, ka
otvw p t koinn badzein, elabomenon m mvnum&
ntx. e d m dialgesyai de metaforaw, dlon ti
od' rzesyai ote metaforaw ote sa lgetai metaforaw:
dialgesyai gr ngkh stai metaforaw.
Prw d t xein t problmata klgein de tw
te natomw ka tw diairseiw, otv d klgein, poyme-
non t gnow t koinn pntvn, oon e za eh t teyev-
rhmna, poa pant z prxei, lhfyntvn d totvn,
plin tn loipn t prt poa pant petai, oon e
toto rniw, poa pant petai rniyi, ka otvw ae t g-
gtata: dlon gr ti jomen dh lgein t di t pr-
xei t pmena tow p t koinn, oon di t nyrp
pp prxei. stv d zon f' o A, t d B t
pmena pant z, f' n d G D E t tin za. d-
lon d di t t B prxei t D: di gr t A. movw
d ka tow lloiw: ka e p tn ktv atw lgow.
Nn mn on kat t paradedomna koin nmata
lgomen, de d m mnon p totvn skopen, ll ka
n llo ti fy prxon koinn, klambnonta, eta tsi
tot' kolouye ka poa tot petai, oon tow krata
xousi t xein xnon, t m mfdont' enai: plin t
krat' xein tsin petai. dlon gr di t kenoiw pr-
jei t erhmnon: di gr t krat' xein prjei.
Eti d' llow trpow st kat t nlogon klgein.
n gr laben ok sti t at, de kalsai spion ka
kanyan ka ston: stai d' pmena ka totoiw sper
miw tinow fsevw tw toiathw oshw.
T d' at problmat sti t mn t t at
mson xein, oon ti pnta ntiperstasiw. totvn d' nia
t gnei tat, sa xei diaforw t llvn llvw
enai, oon di t xe, di t mfanetai, ka di t
riw: panta gr tata t at prblhm sti gnei
(pnta gr nklasis), ll' edei tera. t d t t
mson p t teron mson enai diafrei tn problhm-
tvn, oon di t Nelow fynontow to mhnw mllon =e;
diti xeimeriterow fynvn mew. di t d xeimeriterow
fynvn; diti selnh polepei. tata gr otvw xei
prw llhla.
Per d' atou ka o ation porseie mn n tiw,
ra te prxei t atiatn, ka t ation prxei (w-
per e fullorroe klepei, ka t ation to klepein
fullorroen stai: oon e tot' sti t plata xein t
flla, to d' klepein t tn gn n ms enai: e gr
m prxei, llo ti stai t ation atn), e te t ation
prxei, ma ka t atiatn (oon e n ms g, k-
lepei, e platfullon, fullorroe). e d' otvw, m'
n eh ka deiknoito di' lllvn. stv gr t fullor-
roen f' o A, t d platfullon f' o B, mpelow
d f' o G. e d t B prxei t A (pn gr platful-
lon fullorroe), t d G prxei t B (psa gr mpe-
low platfullos), t G prxei t A, ka psa m-
pelow fullorroe. ation d t B t mson. ll ka
ti platfullon mpelow, sti di to fullorroen po-
dejai. stv gr t mn D platfullon, t d E t
fullorroen, mpelow d f' o Z. t d Z prxei t
E (fullorroe gr psa mpelos), t d E t D (pan
gr t fullorroon platfullon): psa ra mpelow
platfullon. ation d t fullorroen. e d m ndxetai
atia enai lllvn (t gr ation prteron o ation, ka to
mn klepein ation t n ms tn gn enai, to d' n ms
tn gn enai ok ation t klepein) e on mn di to atou
pdeijiw to di t, d m di to atou to ti, ti
mn n ms, ode, diti d' o. ti d' o t klepein ation
to n ms, ll toto to klepein, fanern: n gr t
lg t to klepein nuprxei t n ms, ste dlon ti
di totou keno gnvrzetai, ll' o toto di' kenou.
H ndxetai nw plev atia enai; ka gr e sti
t at pleinvn prtvn kathgoresyai, stv t A t B
prt prxon, ka t G ll prt, ka tata tow
D E. prjei ra t A tow D E: ation d t mn D t
B, t d E t G: ste to mn atou prxontow ngkh
t prgma prxein, to d prgmatow prxontow ok
ngkh pn n ation, ll' ation mn, o mntoi pn.
e e kaylou t prblhm sti, ka t ation lon ti,
ka o ation, kaylou; oon t fullorroen l tin fvrism-
non, kn edh ato , ka toisd kaylou, futow toioisd
futow: ste ka t mson son de enai p totvn ka o ation,
ka ntistrfein. oon di t t dndra fullorroe; e d di
pjin to gro, ete fullorroe dndron, de prxein pjin,
ete pjiw prxei, m ton ll dndr, fullorroen.
Pteron d' ndxetai m t at ation enai to ato
psin ll' teron, o; e mn kay' at poddeiktai
ka m kat shmeon sumbebhkw, ox on te: gr l-
gow to krou t mson stn: e d m otvw, ndxetai. sti
d ka o ation ka skopen kat sumbebhkw: o mn
doke problmata enai. e d m, movw jei t mson:
e mn mnuma, mnumon t mson, e d' w n gnei,
movw jei. oon di t ka nallj nlogon; llo gr
ation n grammaw ka riymow ka t at ge, mn
gramm, llo, d' xon ajhsin toiand, t at. o-
tvw p pntvn. to d' moion enai xrma xrmati ka
sxma sxmati llo ll. mnumon gr t moion
p totvn: nya mn gr svw t nlogon xein tw pleu-
rw ka saw tw gvnaw, p d xrvmtvn t tn asyh-
sin man enai ti llo toioton. t d kat' nalogan t
at ka t mson jei kat' nalogan.
Exei d' otv t
parakolouyen t ation llloiw ka o ation ka a-
tion: kay' kaston mn lambnonti t o ation p plon,
oon t tttarsin saw tw jv p plon trgvnon te-
trgvnon, pasi d p' son (sa gr tttarsin ryaw
saw tw jv): ka t mson movw. sti d t mson l-
gow to prtou krou, di psai a pistmai di' rismo
ggnontai. oon t fullorroen ma kolouye t mpl
ka perxei, ka suk, ka perxei: ll' o pntvn,
ll' son. e d lboiw t prton mson, lgow to ful-
lorroen stin. stai gr prton mn p ytera mson, ti
toiad panta: eta totou mson, ti pw pgnutai ti
llo toioton. t d' st t fullorroen; t pgnusyai tn
n t suncei to sprmatow pn.
Ep d tn sxhmtvn de podsei zhtosi tn par-
akoloyhsin to atou ka o ation. stv t A t B pr-
xein pant, t d B kst tn D, p plon d. t mn
d B kaylou n eh tow D: toto gr lgv kaylou
m ntistrfei, prton d kaylou kaston mn m nti-
strfei, panta d ntistrfei ka parektenei. tow d
D ation to A t B. de ra t A p plon to B pek-
tenein: e d m, t mllon ation stai toto kenou; e
d psin prxei tow E t A, stai ti kena n panta
llo to B. e gr m, pw stai epen ti t E, t
A pant, d t A, o pant t E; di t gr ok stai
ti ation oon [t A] prxei psi tow D; ll' ra ka
t E stai ti n; piskcasyai de toto, ka stv t G.
ndxetai d to ato plev atia enai, ll' o tow a-
tow t edei, oon to makrbia enai t mn tetrpoda
t m xein xoln, t d pthn t jhr enai tern
ti.
E d ew t tomon m eyw rxontai, ka m mnon
n t mson ll plev, ka t atia plev. | pteron d' ation
tn msvn, t prw t kaylou pr|ton t prw t kay'
kaston, tow kay' kaston; dlon d ti | t ggtata kst
ation. to gr t prton p t | kaylou prxein toto
ation, oon t D t G to t B | prxein ation. t mn
on D t G ation to A, t d G | t B, tot d at.
Per mn on sullogismo ka podejevw, t te k-
tern sti ka pw gnetai, fanern, ma d ka per pi-
stmhw podeiktikw: tatn gr stin. per d tn rxn,
pw te gnontai gnrimoi ka tw gnvrzousa jiw, nte-
yen stai dlon proaporsasi prton.
Oti mn on ok ndxetai pstasyai di' podejevw
m gignskonti tw prtaw rxw tw msouw, erhtai
prteron. tn d' msvn tn gnsin, ka pteron at
stin ox at, diaporseien n tiw, ka pteron pi-
stmh katrou [ o], to mn pistmh to d' tern ti g-
now, ka pteron ok nosai a jeiw ggnontai nosai
lelyasin. e mn d xomen atw, topon: sumbanei
gr kribestraw xontaw gnseiw podejevw lanynein.
e d lambnomen m xontew prteron, pw n gnvrzoi-
men ka manynoimen k m pro#parxoshw gnsevw; d-
naton gr, sper ka p tw podejevw lgomen. fa-
nern tonun ti ot' xein on te, ot' gnoosi ka mhdeman
xousin jin gggnesyai. ngkh ra xein mn tina dna-
min, m toiathn d' xein stai totvn timivtra kat'
krbeian. fanetai d tot ge psin prxon tow zoiw.
xei gr dnamin smfuton kritikn, n kalosin asyhsin:
noshw d' asysevw tow mn tn zvn gggnetai mon to
asymatow, tow d' ok gggnetai. soiw mn on m gg-
gnetai, lvw per m gggnetai, ok sti totoiw gn-
siw jv to asynesyai: n ow d' nestin asyomnoiw xein
ti n t cux. polln d toiotvn ginomnvn dh diafor
tiw gnetai, ste tow mn gnesyai lgon k tw tn toio-
tvn monw, tow d m.
Ek mn on asysevw gnetai mnmh,
sper lgomen, k d mnmhw pollkiw to ato ginom-
nhw mpeira: a gr polla mnmai t riym mpeira
ma stn. k d' mpeiraw k pantw remsantow to ka-
ylou n t cux, to nw par t poll, n n pa-
sin n n kenoiw t at, txnhw rx ka pistmhw,
n mn per gnesin, txnhw, n d per t n, pistmhw.
ote d nuprxousin fvrismnai a jeiw, ot' p' l-
lvn jevn gnontai gnvstikvtrvn, ll' p asysevw,
oon n mx tropw genomnhw nw stntow terow sth, ey'
terow, vw p rxn lyen. d cux prxei toiath
osa oa dnasyai psxein toto. d' lxyh mn plai,
o safw d lxyh, plin epvmen. stntow gr tn
diafrvn nw, prton mn n t cux kaylou (ka gr
asynetai mn t kay' kaston, d' asyhsiw to kaylou
stn, oon nyrpou, ll' o Kallou nyrpou): plin n to-
toiw statai, vw n t mer st ka t kaylou, oon toi-
ond zon, vw zon, ka n tot satvw. dlon d ti
mn t prta pagvg gnvrzein nagkaon: ka gr
asyhsiw otv t kaylou mpoie.
Epe d tn per tn
dinoian jevn aw lhyeomen a mn e lhyew esin,
a d pidxontai t cedow, oon dja ka logismw, lhy
d' e pistmh ka now, ka odn pistmhw kribsteron
llo gnow now, a d' rxa tn podejevn gnvrim-
terai, pistmh d' pasa met lgou st, tn rxn pi-
stmh mn ok n eh, pe d' odn lhysteron ndxetai e-
nai pistmhw non, now n eh tn rxn, k te totvn
skoposi ka ti podejevw rx ok pdeijiw, st' od'
pistmhw pistmh. e on mhdn llo par' pistmhn g-
now xomen lhyw, now n eh pistmhw rx. ka mn
rx tw rxw eh n, d psa movw xei prw t
pn prgma.
De Anina I
Copyright 2002 Giovanni Ferrero